Table 1:
Socio-demographic characteristics, personal health, and medical conditions by National Health Examination Survey (NHANES) study period. Among 50,671 participants an estimated 1,056,925,341 US residents.
| NHANES Period | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 – 1991 | 1991 – 1994 | 1999 – 2002 | 2003 – 2006 | 2007 – 2010 | 2015 – 2018 | |
| Participants (N) | 7,387 | 7,850 | 7,893 | 7,759 | 10,395 | 9,387 |
| Estimated Na (%)b | 155,959,992 (14.76) | 165,955,459 (15.70) | 165,937,416 (15.70) | 168,342,341 (15.93) | 192,397,679 (18.20) | 208,332,545 (19.71) |
| Presented as % (SE) or Mean (95% CI) c | ||||||
| Allostatic Load Total Score d | 1.94 (1.84 – 2.05) | 2.38 (2.28 – 2.48) | 2.29 (2.20 – 2.38) | 2.17 (2.10 – 2.23) | 2.44 (2.37 – 2.51) | 2.62 (2.53 – 2.71) |
| % High Allostatic Load e | 33.47 (1.37) | 43.91 (1.32) | 40.17 (1.07) | 39.15 (0.88) | 44.69 (0.99) | 48.55 (1.22) |
| Male Sex | 48.89 (0.63) | 48.95 (0.86) | 49.71 (0.54) | 49.97 (0.54) | 49.67 (0.45) | 49.19 (0.66) |
| Mean Age in years | 43.77 (42.81 – 44.73) | 44.25 (43.03 – 45.46) | 45.03 (44.35 – 45.70) | 45.51 (44.46 – 46.56) | 46.13 (45.50 – 46.76) | 47.44 (46.52 - 48.36) |
| Age Group | ||||||
| 18 – 29 | 24.70 (1.24) | 23.30 (0.90) | 20.79 (0.86) | 20.33 (0.90) | 21.16 (0.68) | 20.26 (0.86) |
| 30 – 39 | 23.12 (1.07) | 22.95 (0.83) | 20.53 (0.85) | 19.12 (0.78) | 17.29 (0.51) | 16.93 (0.63) |
| 40 – 49 | 17.98 (0.79) | 19.51 (1.08) | 21.71 (0.78) | 21.92 (0.83) | 19.94 (0.60) | 16.42 (0.58) |
| 50 – 59 | 12.43 (0.41) | 12.44 (0.64) | 16.00 (0.59) | 17.16 (0.67) | 18.19 (0.52) | 18.66 (0.78) |
| 60 – 69 | 11.65 (0.66) | 10.98 (0.80) | 10.47 (0.56) | 10.79 (0.56) | 12.10 (0.50) | 15.14 (0.77) |
| 70+ | 10.12 (0.74) | 10.82 (1.00) | 10.50 (0.45) | 10.69 (0.80) | 11.31 (0.40) | 12.59 (0.72) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 78.04 (2.44) | 75.02 (2.27) | 72.56 (1.82) | 73.15 (2.18) | 69.89 (2.41) | 63.95 (2.40) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 10.25 (1.21) | 10.74 (1.11) | 9.60 (1.16) | 10.50 (1.27) | 10.24 (0.98) | 10.46 (1.32) |
| Latino | 4.87 (0.57) | 5.26 (0.72) | 13.58 (1.86) | 11.21 (1.33) | 13.72 (1.79) | 15.80 (1.73) |
| Other & Mixed Race | 6.84 (1.32) | 8.98 (1.39) | 4.25 (0.65) | 5.15 (0.52) | 6.15 (0.63) | 9.79 (0.88) |
| Education | ||||||
| < High school | 25.97 (1.46) | 24.21 (1.44) | 21.31 (0.87) | 17.82 (1.02) | 19.92 (0.90) | 12.11 (0.95) |
| High school/GED | 34.34 (1.21) | 33.73 (1.33) | 27.15 (1.08) | 27.22 (0.77) | 25.07 (0.89) | 23.32 (0.93) |
| Some college or Associates degreef | 19.99 (0.75) | 21.15 (1.24) | 27.57 (0.89) | 30.77 (0.85) | 29.03 (0.65) | 31.11 (1.08) |
| College graduate | 19.22 (1.64) | 20.63 (1.26) | 23.82 (1.55) | 24.15 (1.40) | 25.88 (1.25) | 30.63 (2.04) |
| Poverty to Income Ratio (PIR) Group | ||||||
| 1st quartile (0 – 1.11) | 13.25 (0.74) | 13.88 (1.64) | 15.03 (1.10) | 13.47 (0.83) | 15.47 (0.79) | 14.68 (0.77) |
| 2nd quartile (1.11 – 2.08) | 18.92 (1.17) | 19.89 (1.02) | 17.87 (1.18) | 18.41 (0.81) | 17.98 (0.74) | 17.67 (0.77) |
| 3rd quartile (2.08 – 3.77) | 34.79 (1.25) | 28.50 (1.08) | 22.76 (0.77) | 25.75 (0.90) | 22.19 (0.98) | 22.45 (0.95) |
| 4th quartile (3.77 – 11.89) | 25.92 (1.98) | 32.01 (2.24) | 36.08 (1.77) | 37.84 (1.48) | 37.27 (1.22) | 36.20 (1.68) |
| Missing | 7.11 (0.60) | 5.72 (0.52) | 8.26 (0.84) | 4.53 (0.43) | 7.09 (0.60) | 9.01 (0.55) |
| Mean BMI, kg m−2 | 26.11 (25.89 – 26.33) | 26.73 (26.46 – 26.99) | 27.78 (27.50 – 28.06) | 28.18 (27.87 – 28.50) | 28.46 (28.26 – 28.66) | 29.45 (29.08 – 29.82) |
| Current Smoker Status | 30.64 (1.24) | 26.45 (1.20) | 23.82 (0.93) | 24.52 (0.85) | 20.81 (0.81) | 17.81 (0.79) |
| Any Cancer History f | 7.63 (0.48) | 7.44 (0.55) | 7.55 (0.41) | 7.95 (0.40) | 9.04 (0.41) | 10.61 (0.47) |
| Ever Congestive Heart Failure | 2.29 (0.18) | 1.93 (0.24) | 1.97 (0.23) | 2.12 (0.19) | 2.01 (0.18) | 2.17 (0.20) |
| Ever Heart Attack | 3.33 (0.31) | 3.37 (0.35) | 3.20 (0.25) | 3.41 (0.32) | 3.20 (0.23) | 3.37 (0.32) |
Estimated using sampling weights from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Presented as weighted row percentage, describes the total percentage of participants among all study periods.
Presented as column proportion (standard error) or mean (95% confidence intervals) for continuous variables.
Allostatic load total score was calculated as sum total of components based on high-risk thresholds: albumin, BMI, C-reactive protein, creatinine clearance, diastolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides. Score range from 0 to 9.
High Allostatic load is defined as total Allostatic load score greater than or equal to 3 (presented as column percentages and standard errors).
Defined as self-reported response to ever being diagnosed by a doctor or health professional of any cancer or malignancy.