Table 2:
Multivariable modified Poisson regression presented as Relative Risks (RRs) for higha allostatic load in US adults stratified by race/ethnicity and sex, by National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) study period. Among 50,671 participants an estimated 1,056,925,341 US residents.
| NHANES Period | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 – 1991 | 1991 – 1994 | 1999 – 2002 | 2003 – 2006 | 2007 – 2010 | 2015 – 2018 | |
| Participants (N) | 7,387 | 7,850 | 7,893 | 7,759 | 10,395 | 9,387 |
| Estimated Nb (%)c | 155,959,992 (14.76) | 165,955,459 (15.70) | 165,937,416 (15.70) | 168,342,341 (15.93) | 192,397,679 (18.20) | 208,332,545 (19.71) |
| Presented as Adjusted Relative Risks (95% CI) d | ||||||
| Race/Ethnicity and Male Sex | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.000 (Referent) | 1.000 (Referent) | 1.000 (Referent) | 1.000 (Referent) | 1.000 (Referent) | 1.000 (Referent) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.332 (1.331 – 1.334) | 1.154 (1.153 – 1.155) | 1.131 (1.130 – 1.133) | 1.169 (1.168 – 1.171) | 1.189 (1.188 – 1.190) | 1.106 (1.105 – 1.107) |
| Latino | 1.228 (1.225 – 1.230) | 1.072 (1.070 – 1.073) | 1.038 (1.037 – 1.039) | 1.297 (1.295 – 1.298) | 1.220 (1.219 – 1.221) | 1.259 (1.258 – 1.260) |
| Other & Mixed-Race | 0.932 (0.931 – 0.934) | 0.909 (0.908 – 0.910) | 1.527 (1.524 – 1.529) | 1.105 (1.103 – 1.107) | 1.146 (1.145 – 1.147) | 1.120 (1.119 – 1.121) |
| Race/Ethnicity and Female Sex | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.000 (Referent) | 1.000 (Referent) | 1.000 (Referent) | 1.000 (Referent) | 1.000 (Referent) | 1.000 (Referent) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.399 (1.397 – 1.401) | 1.380 (1.379 – 1.381) | 1.198 (1.197 – 1.200) | 1.456 (1.455 – 1.458) | 1.223 (1.221 – 1.224) | 1.292 (1.290 – 1.293) |
| Latina | 1.316 (1.313 – 1.318) | 1.255 (1.253 – 1.257) | 1.048 (1.047 – 1.049) | 1.206 (1.205 – 1.207) | 1.191 (1.189 – 1.192) | 1.266 (1.265 – 1.267) |
| Other & Mixed-Race | 1.154 (1.152 – 1.155) | 1.183 (1.182 – 1.184) | 1.180 (1.178 – 1.182) | 1.144 (1.142 – 1.146) | 1.001 (0.999 – 1.002) | 1.158 (1.157 – 1.160) |
| Age Groups, in years | ||||||
| 18 – 29 | 1.000 (Referent) | 1.000 (Referent) | 1.000 (Referent) | 1.000 (Referent) | 1.000 (Referent) | 1.000 (Referent) |
| 30 – 39 | 2.406 (2.403 – 2.409) | 1.859 (1.857 – 1.861) | 1.700 (1.698 – 1.701) | 1.967 (1.965 – 1.969) | 1.901 (1.900 – 1.903) | 1.634 (1.632 – 1.635) |
| 40 – 49 | 4.596 (4.590 – 4.602) | 2.986 (2.983 – 2.989) | 2.513 (2.511 – 2.516) | 2.905 (2.902 – 2.908) | 2.243 (2.241 – 2.245) | 2.198 (2.196 – 2.199) |
| 50 – 59 | 7.019 (7.010 – 7.028) | 4.256 (4.252 – 4.260) | 3.556 (3.552 – 3.560) | 3.502 (3.498 – 3.506) | 2.975 (2.973 – 2.978) | 2.546 (2.544 – 2.548) |
| 60 – 69 | 8.052 (8.042 – 8.062) | 4.698 (4.694 – 4.703) | 3.900 (3.895 – 3.904) | 3.759 (3.754 – 3.763) | 3.329 (3.325 – 3.332) | 2.545 (2.543 – 2.547) |
| 70+ | 8.196 (8.185 – 8.207) | 4.934 (4.929 – 4.939) | 3.451 (3.447 – 3.455 | 3.328 (3.324 – 3.332) | 3.024 (3.021 – 3.027) | 2.539 (2.537 – 2.542) |
High Allostatic load is defined as total Allostatic load score greater than or equal to 3 (presented as column percentages and standard errors). Allostatic load total score was calculated as sum total of components based on high-risk thresholds: albumin, BMI, C-reactive protein, creatinine clearance, diastolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and triglycerides.
Estimated using sampling weights from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Presented as weighted row percentage, describes the total percentage of participants among all study periods.
Presented as Relative Risks and 95% confidence intervals for high allostatic load estimated using modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimation and accounting for NHANES weighting. Adjusted for race, gender, education, age groups, poverty-to-income ratio, smoking status, cancer, congestive heart failure, and heart attack.