Table 3:
Multivariable association between mean allostatic load and participant characteristics in US adults stratified by race and sex, by National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) study period. Presented as the absolute differences from referent groups. Among 50,671 participants an estimated 1,056,925,341 US residents.
| NHANES Period | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 – 1991 | 1991 – 1994 | 1999 – 2002 | 2003 – 2006 | 2007 – 2010 | 2015 – 2018 | |
| Participants (N) | 7,387 | 7,850 | 7,893 | 7,759 | 10,395 | 9,387 |
| Estimated Na (%)b | 155,959,992 (14.76) | 165,955,459 (15.70) | 165,937,416 (15.70) | 168,342,341 (15.93) | 192,397,679 (18.20) | 208,332,545 (19.71) |
| Presented as Adjusted Mean Differences, β (95% CI) c | ||||||
| Race/Ethnicity and Male Sex | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White (Referent) | 2.57 (2.35, 2.79) | 3.12 (2.70, 3.53) | 2.40 (2.12, 2.69) | 2.25 (1.92, 2.58) | 2.67 (2.51, 2.82) | 2.97 (2.56, 3.38) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | +0.46 (0.30, 0.61) | +0.31 (0.11, 0.51) | +0.13 (−0.02, 0.27) | +0.25 (0.10, 0.40) | +0.27 (0.09, 0.44) | +0.17 (0.01, 0.33) |
| Latino | +0.20 (0.02, 0.38) | +0.09 (−0.11, 0.29) | +0.14 (−0.07, 0.36) | +0.42 (0.26, 0.59) | +0.42 (0.28, 0.56) | +0.44 (0.25, 0.64) |
| Other & Mixed-Race | +0.03 (−0.19, 0.25) | −0.06 (−0.45, 0.32) | +0.59 (0.39, 0.78) | +0.14 (−0.24, 0.52) | +0.23 (−0.01, 0.46) | +0.13 (−0.04, 0.31) |
| Race/Ethnicity and Female Sex | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White (Referent) | 2.38 (2.15, 2.60) | 3.01 (2.67, 3.35) | 2.41 (2.12, 2.71) | 2.11 (1.79, 2.44) | 2.58 (2.43, 2.73) | 2.90 (2.47, 3.33) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | +0.60 (0.47, 0.73) | +0.63 (0.41, 0.86) | +0.34 (0.18, 0.51) | +0.58 (0.44, 0.72) | +0.38 (0.22, 0.53) | +0.48 (0.33, 0.63) |
| Latina | +0.32 (0.16, 0.49) | +0.27 (0.03, 0.51) | +0.13 (−0.08, 0.34) | +0.36 (0.17, 0.56) | +0.41 (0.27, 0.55) | +0.50 (0.37, 0.64) |
| Other & Mixed-Race | +0.20 (−0.08, 0.48) | +0.20 (−0.09, 0.49) | +0.42 (0.11, 0.73) | +0.18 (−0.14, 0.50) | +0.11 (−0.07, 0.28) | +0.29 (0.12, 0.47) |
| Age Groups, in years | ||||||
| 18 – 29 (Referent) | 1.24 (1.01, 1.48) | 1.71 (1.23, 2.20) | 1.45 (1.15, 1.76) | 1.24 (0.89, 1.58) | 1.73 (1.56, 1.91) | 2.12 (1.71, 2.53) |
| 30 – 39 | +0.61 (0.47, 0.75) | +0.62 (0.40, 0.83) | +0.58 (0.47, 0.68) | +0.70 (0.59, 0.82) | +0.72 (0.57, 0.86) | +0.71 (0.53, 0.88) |
| 40 – 49 | +1.29 (1.13, 1.45) | +1.47 (1.25, 1.68) | +1.15 (1.00, 1.30) | +1.28 (1.14, 1.43) | +1.13 (0.96, 1.29) | +1.22 (1.06, 1.39) |
| 50 – 59 | +2.14 (1.94, 2.34) | +2.19 (1.99, 2.40) | +1.70 (1.54, 1.86) | +1.68 (1.50, 1.86) | +1.57 (1.40, 1.75) | +1.64 (1.49, 1.80) |
| 60 – 69 | +2.34 (2.17, 2.51) | +2.46 (2.12, 2.81) | +1.97 (1.84, 2.10) | +1.90 (1.74, 2.07) | +1.75 (1.62, 1.89) | +1.45 (1.29, 1.61) |
| 70+ | +2.35 (2.19, 2.53) | +2.43 (2.24, 2.62) | +1.66 (1.53, 1.78) | +1.55 (1.40, 1.70) | +1.52 (1.38, 1.65) | +1.36 (1.17, 1.54) |
Estimated using sampling weights from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Presented as weighted row percentage, describes the total percentage of participants among all study periods.
Presented as multivariable adjusted estimates (mean difference from referent group) from generalized linear models. Adjusted for race, gender, education, age groups, poverty-to-income ratio, smoking status, cancer, congestive heart failure, and heart attack. For example, in 1988 – 1991, non-Hispanic white males are the referent and non-Hispanic black males had adjusted allostatic load scores 0.46 points higher (95% CI: 0.30 – 0.61) than non-Hispanic white males, adjusted for all abovementioned covariates.