Table 2.

Electrocardiographic characteristics of elite male and female strength athletes and non-elite controls in the 2-min sit-up exercise.

	Male athletes (N = 580)				Female athletes (N = 79)
	Elite	Non-elite controls	P-value		Elite	Non-elite controls	P-value
	(≥51 numbers)	(<51 numbers)			(≥50 numbers)	(<50 numbers)
	(N = 93)	(N = 487)			(N = 14)	(N = 65)
Heart rate (beats/min)	65.82 ± 11.67	65.97 ± 10.62	0.89		67.50 ± 11.07	68.74 ± 9.46	0.66
P duration (ms)	107.88 ± 13.15	105.56 ± 14.39	0.14		99.74 ± 11.50	99.12 ± 13.72	0.87
PR interval (ms)	157.38 ± 26.14	154.45 ± 17.94	0.18		147.75 ± 21.17	151.86 ± 20.10	0.49
QRS duration (ms)	98.19 ± 10.18	97.30 ± 10.00	0.43		84.29 ± 5.42	85.88 ± 7.80	0.47
QTc interval (ms)	393.10 ± 27.15	387.43 ± 21.36	0.02		408.14 ± 17.33	411.89 ± 30.62	0.66
QRS axis (degree)	64.76 ± 23.86	65.29 ± 28.42	0.86		72.43 ± 13.60	64.11 ± 34.79	0.38
ECG based LVH (%)	59 [63.4]	287[58.9]	0.41		1 [7.1]	2 [3.1]	0.47
ECG based RVH (%)	15 [16.1]	80 [16.4]	0.94		0 [0.0]	0 [0.0]	–
Sinus bradycardia (%)	30 [32.3]	136 [27.9]	0.39		2 [14.3]	12 [18.5]	0.71
Ectopic P rhythm (%)	1 [1.1]	21 [4.3]	0.13		0 [0.0]	3 [4.6]	0.41
Left atrial enlargement (%)	11 [11.8]	83 [17.0]	0.21		1 [7.1]	12 [18.5]	0.30
First degree atrioventricular block (%)	3 [3.2]	8 [1.6]	0.30		0 [0.0]	2 [3.1]	0.50
Left axis deviation (%)	2 [2.2]	3 [0.6]	0.14		0 [0.0]	3 [4.6]	0.41
Right axis deviation (%)	5 [5.4]	50 [10.3]	0.14		2 [14.3]	9 [13.8]	0.96
Complete right bundle branch block (%)	2 [2.2]	14 [2.9]	0.69		0 [0.0]	0 [0.0]	–
Incomplete right bundle branch block (%)	10 [10.8]	28 [5.7]	0.07		0 [0.0]	0 [0.0]	–
QT interval prolongation (%)	2 [2.2]	7 [1.4]	0.61		0 [0.0]	1 [1.5]	0.64
QTc prolongation (%)	3 [3.2]	1 [0.2]	0.001		0 [0.0]	2 [3.1]	0.50
T wave inversion (%)	2 [2.2]	15 [3.1]	0.62		0 [0.0]	4 [6.2]	0.34

Categorical variables are expressed as N [%].