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. 2022 Feb 9;20:56. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02254-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Gut microbiome composition associates with clinical outcomes. A Per participant distributions of microbial taxa relative abundances at baseline. Colors indicate bacterial taxa according to the legend on the right. Participants are sorted by baseline HbA1c levels, presented as gray bars at the bottom. Microbiome diversity (Shannon Diversity Index) is illustrated with a dashed line, using a 5-person rolling average, indicating a negative association with HbA1c levels. B Heatmap of significant associations across all (n = 16) participants (p < 0.05, FDR corrected) between changes in microbial taxa (rows) and changes in clinical outcomes (columns) over the 6-month intervention period. C Correlation between 6-month change in FPG and 6-month change in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Dots represent participants, with color indicating weight loss in kilograms. D Correlation between change in HbA1c and change in propionate-producing bacteria over the 6-month intervention period. Dots represent participants, with color indicating weight loss in kilograms. E Change in the relative abundance of Blautia between baseline and 6 months after the intervention started (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Shown is the average reduction in the relative abundance of Blautia genus across all participants (red line) and change per participant (gray lines)