FIG 3.

The effect of AAVR and mutants on inhibition of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR) following tunicamycin stress. (A) Transfection of various AAVR mutants into aavr– cells and UPR assessment via ATF6, CHOP, and XBP1 activation (Western blots). (B) Illustration of defining a quantitative measurement on AAVR inhibition of ATF6 signaling by luciferase assays. (C) Intracellular localization of transfected AAVR mutants and their impact on inhibiting ATF6 activation. Scale bar = 10 μm. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n ≥ 3). Statistical significance was determined using the unpaired Student’s t test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.