AAV2 infection alters ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling and activates transduction in HeLa cells. (A) Western blots showing ATF6, CHOP, and XBP1 expression during AAV2 infection time courses. (B) Quantification of data from panel A by densitometry (n = 3). (C) Comparison of AAV2 with a nonreceptor binding mutant, G265D-N268Q, for transduction in HeLa cells following treatments of various reagents of UPR modulation. (D) Comparison of infection of AAV2 and the G265D-N268Q mutant following inhibition of ATF6 or downstream GRP94. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n ≥ 3). Statistical significance was determined using the unpaired Student’s t test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.