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. 2021 Oct 29;152(2):535–549. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab381

TABLE 2.

BMI and weight status (at v1) and their association with baseline plasma NfL and annualized change in plasma NfL between v1 and v3, overall and by sex and race: mixed-effects linear regression models; HANDLS, 2004–20171

Overall (n = 608) Women (n = 352) Men (n = 256) P sex  2 White adults (n = 257) African American adults (n = 351) P race  3
Model 1A
 BMIv1, γ0a −0.015 ± 0.002*** −0.014 ± 0.003*** −0.016 ± 0.005*** 0.56 −0.014 ± 0.004*** −0.014 ± 0.003*** 0.72
 BMIv1 × Time, γ1a +0.0012 ± 0.0003*** +0.0011 ± 0.0003*** +0.0014 ± 0.0006** 0.65 +0.0007 ± 0.0005 +0.0014 ± 0.0004*** 0.21
Model 2A
 BMIv1, γ0a −0.014 ± 0.002*** −0.013 ± 0.003*** −0.016 ± 0.005** 0.58 −0.014 ± 0.004*** −0.013 ± 0.003*** 0.81
 BMIv1 × Time, γ1a +0.0012 ± 0.0003*** +0.0012 ± 0.0003*** +0.0014 ± 0.0006* 0.60 +0.0008 ± 0.005 +0.0013 ± 0.0003*** 0.15
Model 1B
 [Underweight vs. Normal], γ0a +0.170 ± 0.103 +0.176 ± 0.129 +0.160 ± 0.165 1.00 +0.343 ± 0.155* +0.028 ± 0.137 0.10
 [Overweight vs. Normal], γ0a −0.085 ± 0.047 −0.025 ± 0.064 −0.122 ± 0.071 0.27 +0.034 ± 0.073 −0.163 ± 0.052** 0.054
 [Obese vs. Normal], γ0a −0.245 ± 0.045*** −0.223 ± 0.057*** −0.245 ± 0.072** 0.75 −0.177 ± 0.069* −0.281 ± 0.059*** 0.16
 [Underweight vs. Normal] × Time, γ1a −0.016 ± 0.013 −0.003 ± 0.016 −0.034 ± 0.022 0.23 −0.015 ± 0.019 −0.014 ± 0.018 0.91
 [Overweight vs. Normal] × Time, γ1a +0.001 ± 0.006 +0.009 ± 0.008 +0.007 ± 0.010 0.89 −0.002 ± 0.009 +0.016 ± 0.008* 0.15
 [Obese vs. Normal] × Time, γ1a +0.017 ± 0.006** +0.023 ± 0.007** +0.010 ± 0.010 0.22 +0.011 ± 0.009 +0.022 ± 0.008** 0.39
Model 2B
 [Underweight vs. Normal], γ0a +0.138 ± 0.104 +0.109 ± 0.127 +0.163 ± 0.167 0.95 +0.344 ± 0.155* −0.020 ± 0.137 0.093
 [Overweight vs. Normal], γ0a −0.077 ± 0.047 −0.015 ± 0.062 −0.115 ± 0.072 0.27 +0.041 ± 0.073 −0.156 ± 0.062* 0.061
 [Obese vs. Normal], γ0a −0.234 ± 0.045*** −0.206 ± 0.056*** −0.239 ± 0.074** 0.70 −0.171 ± 0.070* −0.274 ± 0.060*** 0.17
 [Underweight vs. Normal] × Time, γ1a −0.018 ± 0.013 −0.005 ± 0.016 −0.036 ± 0.022 0.20 −0.023 ± 0.019 −0.011 ± 0.018 0.91
 [Overweight vs. Normal] × Time, γ1a +0.009 ± 0.006 +0.009 ± 0.008 +0.006 ± 0.010 0.94 −0.002 ± 0.009 +0.015 ± 0.008 0.14
 [Obese vs. Normal] × Time, γ1a +0.017 ± 0.006** +0.0237 ± 0.007** +0.008 ± 0.010 0.23 +0.014 ± 0.009 +0.020 ± 0.008* 0.34
1

Values are fixed-effects γ ± SE. Models 1A and 1B included each of v1 BMI and weight status (z scored), separately as the main predictor for v1 NfL and NfL annualized rate of change over time, using a series of mixed-effects linear regression models, carried out in the overall population, and stratified by sex and by race, separately. These models adjusted only for age, sex, race, poverty status, educational attainment, and the inverse Mills ratio. Models 2A and 2B followed a similar approach but adjusted further for selected lifestyle and health-related factors, namely current drug use, current tobacco use, Healthy Eating Index-2010, total energy intake, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression total score. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.010; ***P < 0.001 for null hypothesis that fixed effect γ = 0. HANDLS, Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span; NfL, neurofilament light chain; v1, visit 1; v3, visit 3.

2

Based on separate models testing the statistical significance for Sex × BMI/[weight status] and Sex × BMI/[weight status] × Time in models unstratified by sex or race in which these 2-way and 3-way interaction terms were included for each sociodemographic factor, separately.

3

Based on separate models testing the statistical significance for Race × BMI/[weight status] and Race × BMI/[weight status] × Time in models unstratified by sex or race in which these 2-way and 3-way interaction terms were included for each sociodemographic factor, separately.