a–d Plasma glucose concentration (mM) after a 4-h fast in control, βInsrHET, and βInsrKO LFD-fed female (black, light pink, dark red bars; n7week = 15, 20, 14; n16week = 9, 7, 12; n28week = 9, 12, 10; n31week = 2, 9, 5; n36week = 9, 12, 10; n44week = 7, 5, 10) and male (black, light blue, dark blue bars; n7week = 15, 20, 14; n16week = 9, 7, 12; n28week = 9, 12, 10; n31week = 2, 9, 5; n36week = 9, 12, 10; n44week = 7, 6, 10) as well as HFD-fed female (black, bright pink, purple bars; n7week = 13, 12, 10; n11week = 13, 14, 12; n16week = 10, 13, 8; n21week = 14, 18, 12; n28week = 12, 14, 11; n31week = 12, 14, 12; n36week = 12, 13, 12; n44week = 6, 8, 7; n50week = 10, 12, 11; n54week = 10, 11, 11) and male (black, bright green, dark green bars; n7week = 8, 13, 10; n11week = 8, 15, 10; n16week = 8, 13, 10; n21week = 8, 15, 10; n28week = 8, 15, 10; n31week = 8, 14, 10; n36week = 7, 13, 10; n44week = 5, 9, 4; n50week = 6, 10, 9) mice. e–h Longitudinally tracked body mass (g) in control, βInsrHET, and βInsrKO LFD-fed female (black, light pink, dark red bars; n4week = 18, 36, 14; n7week = 16, 18, 12; n11week = 19, 18, 12; n16week = 8, 20, 14; n21week = 6, 4, 7; n28week = 9, 10, 10; n31week = 3, 7, 5; n36week = 9, 12, 10; n40week = 7, 7, 9; n44week = 7, 6, 9) and male (black, light blue, dark blue bars; n4week = 19, 33, 17; n7week = 14, 22, 11; n11week = 13, 22, 10; n16week = 6, 14, 7; n21week = 6, 11, 7; n28week = 8, 13, 7; n31week = 8, 5, 3; n36week = 8, 13, 7; n40week = 8, 13, 7; n44week = 8, 13, 4) as well as HFD-fed female (black, bright pink, purple bars; n7week = 13, 12, 8; n11week = 17, 17, 12; n16week = 7, 9, 6; n21week = 12, 14, 10; n28week = 12, 13, 10; n31week = 12, 14, 10; n36week = 12, 13, 10; n40week = 11, 13, 10; n44week = 10, 13, 10; n50week =10, 13, 10; n54week = 3, 4, 4) and male (black, bright green, dark green bars; n7week = 10, 12, 10; n11week = 8, 10, 8; n16week = 11, 14, 11; n21week = 11, 14, 11; n28week = 8, 10, 8; n31week = 8, 10, 8; n36week = 7, 10, 7; n40week = 8, 9, 8; n44week = 8, 9, 8; n50week = 7, 9, 7; n54week = 3, 6, 3) mice. i, j Weights, as a percentage of the whole body, of inguinal adipose tissue, gonadal adipose tissue, liver, brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Data were analysed using repeated measures mixed effects models. All data were analysed by a fitted mixed-effects model with correction for multiple comparisons using Dunnett’s method. k Representative immunoblot of Insr performed on mouse liver samples (n = 3). All animals/samples were handled in a strictly blinded manner. All data are presented as mean values ± SEM. Source data are provided as Source Data file.