TABLE 6.
Service delivery by frontline workers, by intervention area and survey round1
| Baseline 2017 | Endline 2019 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | I-ANC area | S-ANC area | I-ANC area | S-ANC area | DID |
| AWW | n = 91 | n = 87 | n = 87 | n = 91 | |
| VHSND conducted at least once a month | 92.3 | 96.6 | 93.1 | 95.6 | 1.8 |
| VHSND services provided | |||||
| Provision of IFA | 45.1 | 47.1 | 56.3 | 64.8 | –6.7 |
| Provision of calcium | 3.3 | 8.1 | 48.3 | 38.5 | 14.7 |
| Weighing of PW | 60.4 | 58.6 | 58.6 | 65.9 | –9.3 |
| Home visit to PW at least once a month | 51.7 | 54.0 | 98.9 | 100 | 1.5 |
| Services provided during home visits to PW | |||||
| Provide free IFA | 22.0 | 36.8 | 19.5 | 25.3 | 8.8 |
| Provide free calcium | 4.4 | 11.5 | 24.1 | 14.3 | 16.7 |
| Counsel PW about taking IFA | 58.2 | 56.3 | 47.1 | 35.2 | 9.9 |
| Counsel PW about taking calcium | 8.8 | 17.2 | 32.2 | 22.0 | 18.9 |
| Advice on maternal nutrition | 54.9 | 59.8 | 62.1 | 65.9 | 1.1 |
| Food demonstration | 23.1 | 20.7 | 27.6 | 28.6 | –3.3 |
| Provide weight-gain advice during pregnancy | 27.5 | 29.9 | 33.3 | 28.6 | 7.1 |
| ASHA | n = 90 | n = 90 | n = 86 | n = 88 | |
| VHSND conducted at least once a month | 88.9 | 90.0 | 96.5 | 94.3 | 3.1 |
| VHSND services provided | |||||
| ANC checkup | 27.7 | 41.7 | 55.8 | 35.2**2 | 33.5## 3 |
| Provision of IFA | 44.4 | 44.4 | 57.0 | 55.7 | 1.6 |
| Provision of calcium | 8.9 | 6.7 | 45.4 | 42.1 | 1.1 |
| Weighing of PW | 54.4 | 55.6 | 55.8 | 55.7 | 1.4 |
| Home visit to PW at least once a month | 55.6 | 54.4 | 100 | 100 | –1.1 |
| Services provided during home visits to PW | |||||
| Provide free IFA | 38.9 | 40.0 | 37.2 | 33.0 | 6.0 |
| Provide free calcium | 6.7 | 5.6 | 23.3 | 23.9 | –1.7 |
| Counsel PW about taking IFA | 53.3 | 52.2 | 54.7 | 47.7 | 4.9 |
| Counsel PW about taking calcium | 17.8 | 10.0 | 39.5 | 33.0 | –1.3 |
| Advice on maternal nutrition | 53.3 | 53.3 | 52.3 | 67.1 | –14.5 |
| Food demonstration | 12.2 | 24.4 | 26.7 | 29.5 | 9.5 |
| Provide weight-gain advice during pregnancy | 13.3 | 25.6 | 36.0 | 34.1 | 14.6 |
| ANM | n = 71 | n = 68 | n = 58 | n = 69 | |
| VHSND conducted at least once a month | 94.4 | 98.5 | 98.3 | 98.6 | 3.7 |
| VHSND services provided | |||||
| ANC checkup | 58.8 | 56.7 | 48.3 | 53.6 | –5.7 |
| Provision of IFA | 47.9 | 45.6 | 75.9 | 85.5 | –11.6 |
| Provision of calcium | 2.8 | 5.9 | 65.5 | 66.7 | 1.9 |
| Weighing of PW | 46.5 | 60.3 | 72.4 | 79.7 | 5.2 |
1
Values are percentages. ANC, antenatal care; ANM, auxiliary nurse midwife; ASHA, accredited social health activist; AWW, Anganwadi worker; DID, difference-in-differences; I-ANC, intensive antenatal care; IFA, iron and folic acid; PW, pregnant women; S-ANC, standard antenatal care; VHSND, village health, sanitation, and nutrition day.
2
Asterisks indicate different from I-ANC area at that time: **P < 0.01.
3
DID effect estimates between baseline and endline: ## P < 0.01.