TABLE 4.
Main features of reported cases of B. cereus bacteremia in neonatesa
| Reference (n, no. of cases) | Term of birth (wks + days of gestation) | Wt at birth (g) | Underlying condition(s) | Clinical presentation | Disseminated infection | Suspected source(s) of Infection | Antibiotic treatmentb | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liao and Tsai, 2021 (54) (n = 1) | 33 + 2 | 1490 | Respiratory distress | Sepsis | No | Mother’s breast milk | VCM, AMK | Recovery |
| Lewin et al., 2019 (88) (n = 2) | 25 | 590 | Hyaline membrane disease, pulmonary hypertension | Septic shock | No | Banked human milk | LNZ, MRP, VCM | Death |
| 24 | 560 | Chorioamnionitis, CBD, patent ductus arterioses | Septic shock | No | Banked human milk | AMP, TBM, VCM, MRP, PTZ, CTX | Death | |
| Bar-Meir et al., 2019 (51) (n = 3) | 32 | NA | Twin pregnancy | Septic shock | Brain abscesses | Construction-related dust | VCM, MRP, CRP | Death |
| 31 | NA | No | Sepsis | No | Construction-related dust | VCM, MRP | Recovery | |
| 31 | NA | CBD | Contamination | No | Construction-related dust | None | Recovery | |
| Papan et al., 2019 (52) (n = 1) | 37 + 5 | 2,700 | Congenital diaphragmatic hernia closure | Septic shock | Pneumonia, pyogenic tracheobronchitis, necrotizing bronchiolitis | Undetermined | VCM, MRP, FSF | Death |
| Samarasekara et al., 2020 (55) (n = 1) | 30 | NA | No | Sepsis | Brain abscess | Undetermined | VCM, MRP, AMP, FCX | Recovery |
| Glasset et al., 2018 (53) (n = 6) | NA | NA | NA | Sepsis | Meningitis, pulmonary and liver infection | Surface in medical ward | None | Death |
| NA | NA | NA | Sepsis | Brain abscess | Surface in medical ward | VCM, CFT | Recovery | |
| NA | NA | NA | Sepsis | No | Surface in medical ward | VCM | Recovery | |
| NA | NA | NA | Sepsis | No | Surface in medical ward | VCM, AMK, AMX | Recovery | |
| NA | NA | NA | Sepsis | No | Surface in medical ward, central catheter | VCM | Recovery | |
| NA | NA | NA | Sepsis | Kidney and urinary infection | Undetermined | CFX, GTM | Recovery | |
| Fournier et al., 2017 (7) (n = 9) | 30 + 2 | 750 | Intrauterine growth restriction, hemorrhagic brain lesions | Sepsis | No | Banked human milk, parenteral nutritional solutions | NA | Death |
| 29 + 2 | 1,075 | Twin pregnancy, transfused transfusion syndrome | Sepsis | Extensive brain damage | Banked human milk, parenteral nutritional solutions | NA | Death | |
| 37 + 2 | 2,815 | Atresia of the small intestine | Sepsis | No | Banked human milk, parenteral nutritional solutions | NA | Recovery | |
| 31 | 1,380 | Atresia of the duodenum | Sepsis | No | Banked human milk, parenteral nutritional solutions | NA | Recovery | |
| 29 + 4 | 1,025 | Umbilical hernia | Sepsis | No | Banked human milk, parenteral nutritional solutions | NA | Recovery | |
| 27 + 5 | 750 | Enterocolitis | Sepsis | No | Banked human milk, parenteral nutritional solutions | NA | Death | |
| 31 | 1,720 | Twin pregnancy | Sepsis | No | Banked human milk, parenteral nutritional solutions | NA | Recovery | |
| 38 + 6 | 3,515 | Neonatal respiratory distress | Sepsis | No | Banked human milk, parenteral nutritional solutions | NA | Recovery | |
| 39 | 3,240 | Polymalformation | Sepsis | No | Banked human milk, parenteral nutritional solutions | NA | Recovery | |
| Lotte et al., 2017 (8) (n = 1) | 29 + 4 | 1,480 | Maternal malignancy | Septic shock | Brain empyema, abscesses and necrosis, cranial hemorrhages | Central catheter, surface in medical ward | VCM, GTM, CFT | Death |
| Ramarao et al., 2014 (56) (n = 2) | 24 + 5 | 650 | CBD | Sepsis | No | Central catheter | VCM, AMK, CFT | Recovery |
| 26 + 5 | 615 | No | Septic shock | Brain and pulmonary abscesses | Central catheter | None | Death | |
| Horii et al., 2012 (57) (n = 1) | NA | 800 | Bowel perforation, CBD | Sepsis | Late meningitis | Hospital linens | VCM, MRP, LNZ, CLD | Recovery |
| Shimono et al. 2012, (58) (n = 3) | 29 | 476 | NA | Sepsis | No | Surface in medical ward | NA | Recovery |
| 30 | 876 | NA | Sepsis | No | Surface in medical ward | NA | Recovery | |
| 28 | 1,018 | NA | Sepsis | No | Surface in medical ward | NA | Recovery | |
| Campbell et al., 2011 (59) (n = 8) | 31 | 1,650 | NA | Sepsis | No | Endotracheal intubation, central catheter, construction excavation | VCM | Recovery |
| 29 | 1,148 | NA | Sepsis | No | Endotracheal intubation, central catheter, construction excavation | VCM | Recovery | |
| 28 | 1,515 | NA | Sepsis | No | Endotracheal intubation, central catheter, construction excavation | VCM | Recovery | |
| 24 | 710 | NA | Sepsis | No | Endotracheal intubation, central catheter, construction excavation | VCM | Recovery | |
| 25 | 945 | NA | Sepsis | No | Endotracheal intubation, central catheter, construction excavation | VCM | Recovery | |
| 29 | 1,015 | NA | Contamination | No | Endotracheal intubation, central catheter, construction excavation | None | Recovery | |
| 40 | 4,184 | NA | Contamination | No | Endotracheal intubation, central catheter, construction excavation | None | Recovery | |
| 30 | 870 | NA | Contamination | No | Endotracheal intubation, central catheter, construction excavation | None | Recovery | |
| Sasahara et al., 2011 (60) (n = 2) | NA | NA | Mitral regurgitation | Septic shock | No | Hospital linens, central catheter, parenteral solutions | AMP/SBT, MRP, VCM, PNP | Death |
| NA | NA | Patent ductus arteriosus | Septic Shock | No | Hospital linens, central catheter, parenteral solutions | CFZ | Death | |
| Saito et al., 2010 (61) (n = 1) | 27 | 740 | Intrauterine growth restriction, patent ductus arteriosus, severe pregnancy-induced hypertension | Septic shock | Meningitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, pulmonary hemorrhage | Undetermined | CFZ | Death |
| Drazin et al., 2010 (62) (n = 1) | 32 + 4 | 1,910 | Mild dysmorphic features, patent foramen ovale, twin pregnancy, preeclampsia | Sepsis | Meningoencephalitis, brain abscesses | Undetermined | VCM, AMK, GTM, MRP | Recovery |
| Pawlik et al., 2009 (63) (n = 1) | 27 | 730 | NA | Sepsis | Brain abscesses | Undetermined | NA | Recovery |
| Evreux et al., 2007 (64) (n = 1) | 31 | 1,670 | Thyroid agenesis | Septic shock | Meningitis, brain abscesses and necrosis | Central catheter | CFT, AMX, MTZ, AMK | Death |
| John et al., 2006 (65) (n = 1) | 32 | 1,512 | Ruptured bicornuate uterus, severe fetal distress | Sepsis | Subependymal hemorrhage, cerebral edema | Undetermined | PTZ, AMK, VCM | Recovery |
| Adler et al., 2005 (66) (n = 8) | 25 | 680 | Candida sepsis, chronic lung disease, retinopathy | Sepsis | No | Air | MRP | Recovery |
| 34 | 2,010 | Escherichia coli peritonitis | Sepsis | No | Air | MRP | Recovery | |
| 37 | 2,000 | Klebsiella peritonitis and sepsis | Sepsis | No | Air | VCM | Recovery | |
| 36 | 1,735 | Necrotizing enterocolitis | Sepsis | No | Air | MRP | Recovery | |
| 30 | 1,226 | Necrotizing enterocolitis | Sepsis | No | Air | MRP | Recovery | |
| 29 | 1,508 | No | Sepsis | No | Air | VCM | Recovery | |
| 32 | 1600 | No | Sepsis | No | Air | VCM | Recovery | |
| 27 | 870 | No | Sepsis | No | Air | VCM | Recovery | |
| Lequin et al., 2005 (67) (n = 3) | 30 + 6 | NA | No | Sepsis | Hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis | Undetermined | NA | Death |
| 28 + 3 | NA | No | Sepsis | Hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis | Undetermined | NA | Death | |
| 34 + 1 | NA | No | Sepsis | Hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis, ventriculitis | Undetermined | NA | Death | |
| Heep et al., 2004 (68) (n = 1) | 27 | 950 | Intrauterine growth restriction, triplet pregnancy, intraventricular hemorrhage | Sepsis | Ventriculitis, hemorrhagic necrotizing lesions end brain abscesses | Central catheter | VCM, GTM, MRP | Recovery |
| Hilliard et al., 2003 (69) (n = 1) | 24 | 585 | Chorioamnionitis | Septic shock | No | Undetermined | VCM, TBM, CLD, MRP | Recovery |
| Chu et al., 2001 (70) (n = 1) | 26 | 1,580 | Hyaline membrane disease, CBD, patent ductus arteriosus, MV, parenteral nutrition | Sepsis | Meningitis, brain necrosis and edema | Undetermined | AMP, CFT, AMK, VCM | Death |
| Van Der Zwet et al., 2000 (71) (n = 3) | 28 + 5 | 895 | MV, patent ductus arteriosus | Septic shock | Hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis | Ventilator equipment, hands of medical staff | AMX, CFT | Death |
| 26+4 | 1,000 | MV | Sepsis | Knee arthritis | Ventilator equipment, hands of medical staff | VCM, MRP | Recovery | |
| 37+3 | 2,780 | MV, hepatosplenomegaly | Sepsis | Meningitis | Ventilator equipment, hands of medical staff | VCM, MRP | Recovery | |
| Tuladhar et al., 2000 (72) (n = 1) | 24 | 735 | MV, CNS hemorrhage | Sepsis | Bone marrow | Undetermined | CPF, CLD, GTM, IMP, VCM | Death |
| Tokieda et al., 1999 (73) (n = 1) | 37 | 3,764 | Hydrops fetalis, MV | Sepsis | Meningitis, brain hemorrhages | Peripheral catheter | AMP, GTM | Death |
| Jevon et al., 1993 (74) (n = 2) | 27 | 920 | Intrauterine growth restriction, hyaline membrane disease, MV, transfused transfusion syndrome, cerebral hemorrhage | Septic shock | Necrotizing pneumonia, necrosis of the larynx, thyroid and trachea, meningitis, subendocardial hemorrhage with focal necrosis | Resuscitation devices, drugs or hands of medical staff | AMP, GTM | Death |
| 25 | 690 | Hyaline membrane disease, MV, CNS hemorrhage | Septic shock | Necrotizing pneumonia | Resuscitation devices, drugs or hands of medical staff | AMP, GTM | Death | |
| Patrick et al., 1989 (75) (n = 1) | 26 | 830 | MV, thalamic hemorrhage | Septic shock | Meningitis, brain necrosis | Undetermined | AMK, VCM | Death |
| Turnbull et al., 1979 (77) (n = 1) | NA | NA | NA | Sepsis | Meningitis | Undetermined | NA | NA |
| Turnbull et al., 1977 (76) (n = 1) | 32 | 1,320 | Necrotizing enterocolitis | Sepsis | Brain, lung and respiratory tract necrosis | Central catheter | AMP, GTM | Death |
a
CBD, chronic bronchial disease; MV, mechanical ventilation; CNS, central nervous system; NA, not available.
b
VCM, vancomycin; AMK, amikacin; LNZ, linezolid; MRP, meropenem; AMP, ampicillin; TBM, tobramycin; PTZ, piperacillin/tazobactam; CTX, cefotaxime; CRP, chloramphenicol; FSF, fosfomycine; FCX, flucloxacilline; AMX, amoxicillin; GTM, gentamicin; CLD, clindamycin; AMP/SBT, ampicillin/sulbactam; PNP, panipenem; CFZ, cefazolin; MTZ, metronidazole; CPF, cefozopran; IMP, imipnem; CPF, ciprofloxacin; CFA, ceftazidime; ETY, erythromycin.