Table 3.
Incident disease enrichment among sleep apnea cases
| PheCode | Translation | Odds ratio | Incidence in SA cases | Incidence in matched controls |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 327.1 | Hypersomnia | 16.38 (11.55–23.24) | 4.71 | 0.30 |
| 327.71 | Restless legs syndrome | 5.55 (4.34–7.09) | 4.19 | 0.78 |
| 263 | Other nutritional deficiency | 4.26 (3.38–5.35) | 4.09 | 0.99 |
| 428.4 | Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (Diastolic heart failure) | 3.75 (3.07–4.58) | 5.02 | 1.39 |
| 278.11 | Morbid obesity | 3.72 (3.20–4.32) | 9.60 | 2.78 |
| 401.21 | Hypertensive heart disease | 3.05 (2.52–3.69) | 4.96 | 1.68 |
| 278.4 | Abnormal weight gain | 2.94 (2.44–3.54) | 5.22 | 1.84 |
| 327 | Sleep disorders | 2.91 (2.35–3.59) | 4.03 | 1.42 |
| 470 | Septal deviations/turbinate hypertrophy | 2.87 (1.97–4.19) | 1.21 | 0.42 |
| 472 | Chronic pharyngitis and nasopharyngitis | 2.69 (2.00–3.61) | 1.90 | 0.72 |
| 1002 | Symptoms concerning nutrition, metabolism, and development | 2.64 (2.27–3.07) | 7.54 | 3.00 |
| 415.2 | Chronic pulmonary heart disease | 2.50 (1.97–3.16) | 2.93 | 1.19 |
| 291.8 | Alteration of consciousness | 2.49 (2.02–3.08) | 3.60 | 1.47 |
| 251.1 | Hypoglycemia | 2.47 (1.92–3.19) | 2.45 | 1.01 |
| 313.1 | Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | 2.45 (1.87–3.22) | 2.17 | 0.89 |
| 306.9 | Tension headache | 2.40 (1.63–3.52) | 1.06 | 0.44 |
| 276.6 | Fluid overload | 2.34 (1.93–2.83) | 4.26 | 1.87 |
| 300.4 | Dysthymic disorder | 2.33 (1.92–2.83) | 4.38 | 1.93 |
| 428.2 | Heart failure not otherwise specified | 2.32 (1.93–2.78) | 4.90 | 2.17 |
| 798.1 | Chronic fatigue syndrome | 2.32 (1.81–2.97) | 2.50 | 1.09 |
| 296.22 | Major depressive disorder | 2.31 (2.07–2.56) | 17.10 | 8.21 |
| 290.1 | Dementias | 2.27 (1.73–2.98) | 2.09 | 0.93 |
| 1013 | Asphyxia and hypoxemia | 2.26 (1.86–2.74) | 4.26 | 1.93 |
| 539 | Bariatric surgery | 2.25 (1.99–2.53) | 11.52 | 5.47 |
| 278.1 | Obesity | 2.25 (2.00–2.52) | 19.00 | 9.46 |
Note: An incident diagnosis was defined as the first diagnosis for a potential comorbidity occurring at least one year after the first diagnosis date for sleep apnea. Otherwise, participants with prior diagnoses were excluded. Sample sizes will therefore vary by PheCode. Totally, 527 PheCodes with ≥1% overall prevalence were tested. Controls were matched for age, sex, BMI, population, and healthcare utilization. It was found that 170 nonredundant PheCodes were significantly associated following Bonferroni correction. Lead results are shown here. Complete results, including sex-stratified results and sample sizes, can be found in Table S5.
Abbreviations: SA: sleep apnea.