TABLE 3.
Adjusted prevalence and rate ratio of stunting, wasting, and underweight in children at 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo of age1
| Stunting | Wasting | Underweight | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age and study arms | n | Prevalence | Rate ratio | P value | Prevalence | Rate ratio | P value | Prevalence | Rate ratio | P value |
| 6 mo | ||||||||||
| UCT | 430 | 24.4 (20.3, 28.5) | 12.7 (8.6, 16.8) | 23.7 (19.5, 28) | ||||||
| UCT + SBCC | 429 | 26.3 (22.0, 30.6) | 12.0 (8.8, 15.2) | 26.0 (21.8, 30.2) | ||||||
| UCT + LNS | 430 | 26.8 (21.8, 31.7) | 12.8 (9.5, 16.0) | 25.8 (21.9, 29.8) | ||||||
| UCT + LNS + SBCC | 430 | 26.2 (22.1, 30.4) | 12.1 (9.0, 15.2) | 25.0 (20.2, 29.8) | ||||||
| 12 mo | ||||||||||
| UCT | 382 | 39.6 (35.2, 44.0) | Reference | 10.0 (7.0, 12.9) | Reference | 19.4 (15.8, 22.9) | Reference | |||
| UCT + SBCC | 376 | 41.5 (37.4, 45.6) | 1.05 (0.89, 1.23) | 0.563 | 10.8 (7.6, 13.9) | 1.08 (0.71, 1.63) | 0.716 | 20.9 (17.3, 24.4) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.37) | 0.528 |
| UCT + LNS | 398 | 35.5 (30.8, 40.2) | 0.90 (0.75, 1.07) | 0.235 | 8.4 (5.6, 11.3) | 0.85 (0.57, 1.25) | 0.405 | 16.5 (12.6, 20.5) | 0.85 (0.63, 1.16) | 0.307 |
| UCT + LNS + SBCC | 412 | 35.6 (32.3, 38.8) | 0.90 (0.78, 1.04) | 0.151 | 8.9 (6.2, 11.5) | 0.89 (0.59, 1.35) | 0.589 | 20.4 (17.2, 23.6) | 1.06 (0.84, 1.33) | 0.642 |
| 18 mo | ||||||||||
| UCT | 385 | 51.1 (47.1, 55.1) | Reference | 8.9 (5.7, 12.0) | Reference | 23.4 (19.4, 27.4) | Reference | |||
| UCT + SBCC | 400 | 51.5 (47.1, 55.9) | 1.01 (0.90, 1.13) | 0.897 | 9.3 (6.8, 11.9) | 1.05 (0.67, 1.65) | 0.829 | 22.1 (19.0, 25.3) | 0.94 (0.74, 1.2) | 0.644 |
| UCT + LNS | 405 | 42.6 (38.1, 47.1) | 0.83 (0.72, 0.96) | 0.013 | 7.5 (4.8, 10.3) | 0.85 (0.48, 1.49) | 0.563 | 20.4 (16.4, 24.4) | 0.87 (0.67, 1.14) | 0.315 |
| UCT + LNS + SBCC | 408 | 47.0 (42.8, 51.2) | 0.92 (0.83, 1.02) | 0.120 | 7.1 (4.4, 9.9) | 0.8 (0.45, 1.41) | 0.440 | 21.6 (18.0, 25.2) | 0.92 (0.75, 1.13) | 0.435 |
| 24 mo | ||||||||||
| UCT | 395 | 48.5 (44.8, 52.2) | Reference | 7.9 (5.5, 10.3) | Reference | 20.9 (17.4, 24.4) | Reference | |||
| UCT + SBCC | 406 | 49.8 (45.2, 54.3) | 1.03 (0.91, 1.16) | 0.675 | 8.3 (5.6, 11.0) | 1.04 (0.67, 1.63) | 0.857 | 22.5 (18.6, 26.4) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.36) | 0.539 |
| UCT + LNS | 417 | 41.1 (36.4, 45.9) | 0.85 (0.74, 0.97) | 0.015 | 5.5 (2.9, 8.1) | 0.70 (0.39, 1.24) | 0.217 | 19.4 (15.4, 23.3) | 0.93 (0.71, 1.22) | 0.578 |
| UCT + LNS + SBCC | 404 | 41.6 (37.8, 45.4) | 0.86 (0.77, 0.96) | 0.007 | 6.3 (4.1, 8.5) | 0.79 (0.51, 1.23) | 0.298 | 21.4 (18.1, 24.6) | 1.02 (0.83, 1.25) | 0.832 |
1
Values are presented as prevalence or rate ratio (95% CI), with P values obtained from a generalized linear model using a log link and binomial distribution. When the log binomial model did not converge, a Poisson distribution with link(log) was used. Rate ratio and prevalence were adjusted by sex, Benazir Income Support Programme poverty score, and baseline nutritional status, and standard errors were accounted for clusters. LNS, lipid-based nutrient supplement; SBCC, social and behavior change communication; UCT, unconditional cash transfer.