TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics1
| Total cohort | PN dependency ≤60 d | PN dependency >60 d | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 95 | N = 56 | N = 39 | ||
| n (%) or median [IQR] | n (%) or median [IQR] | n (%) or median [IQR] | ||
| Birth Related | ||||
| Sex, male | 51 (54) | 31 (55) | 20 (51) | |
| Gestational age, wk | 35.6 [27.6, 37.3] | 36.9 [29.6, 37.4] | 33.7 [25.9, 36.1] | |
| Very preterm (gestational age <32 wk) | 33 (35) | 15 (27) | 18 (46) | |
| Caesarean delivery | 39 (41) | 19 (30) | 22 (56) | |
| Maternal age at delivery, y | 29 [24, 32] | 29 [25, 33] | 29 [24, 31] | |
| Maternal age <20 y | 6 (6) | 4 (7) | 2 (5) | |
| Apgar score at 5 min | n = 91 | 9 [8, 10] | 9 [8, 10] | 8 [7, 9] |
| Birth weight, g | 2250 [1000, 2800] | 2555 [1298, 2946] | 1870 [800, 2415] | |
| Birth weight SDS | –0.2 [–0.9, 0.6] | 0.0 [–0.7, 0.5] | –0.2 [–1.4, 0.6] | |
| Small for gestational age (<10th percentile) | 17 (18) | 7 (13) | 10 (26) | |
| Large for gestational age (>90th percentile) | 7 (7) | 2 (4) | 5 (13) | |
| Head circumference at birth, cm | n = 62 | 29.7 [23.5, 32.5] | 32.0 [24.0, 33.2] | 25.2 [22.0, 30.0] |
| Head circumference SDS | –0.5 [–1.0, 0.2] | –0.2 [–0.7, 0.2] | –0.7 [–1.0, 0.1] | |
| Intestinal Failure Related | ||||
| Postnatal age at intestinal surgery, d | 2 [0, 12] | 1 [0, 10] | 3 [0, 18] | |
| Underlying disease | ||||
| Gastroschisis | 34 (36) | 22 (39) | 12 (31) | |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 26 (27) | 14 (25) | 12 (31) | |
| Intestinal atresia | 19 (20) | 14 (25) | 5 (13) | |
| Other2 | 16 (17) | 6 (11) | 10 (25) | |
| Remaining small intestinal length | n = 29 | 70.0 [46.0, 102.5] | 87.0 [71.3, 123.8] | 50.0 [35.0, 90.0] |
| Short bowel syndrome3 | 9 (9) | 0 (0) | 9 (23) | |
| Ileocecal valve not in situ | 13 (14) | 5 (9) | 8 (21) | |
| Enterostomy | 41 (43) | 17 (30) | 24 (62) | |
| Duration of enterostomy,4 wk | 9.6 [7.7, 13.0] | 8.9 [6.1, 10.4] | 10.4 [8.4, 13.6] | |
| Number of surgeries | ||||
| 1 | 31 (33) | 29 (52) | 3 (8) | |
| Multiple | 64 (67) | 27 (48) | 36 (92) | |
| Number of CLABSIs5 | ||||
| None | 47 (49) | 39 (70) | 7 (18) | |
| 1 | 26 (27) | 13 (23) | 14 (36) | |
| Multiple | 22 (23) | 4 (7) | 18 (46) | |
| Cholestasis6 | 22 (23) | 6 (11) | 16 (41) | |
| Duration of first hospital stay,4 wk | 8.7 [4.9, 16.3] | 6.1 [3.4, 8.1] | 16.4 [13.1, 21.4] | |
| Total PN duration,4 wk | 7.9 [4.1, 15.1] | 5.4 [2.7, 7.1] | 16.3 [11.7, 26.0] | |
| PN duration before intestinal surgery, wk | n = 36 | 1.6 [0.9, 2.4] | 1.4 [1.0, 2.2] | 1.9 [0.9, 2.9] |
| PN duration from date of surgery onwards,4 wk | 7.0 [3.7, 13.0] | 4.1 [2.6, 6.3] | 15.4 [11.1, 24.1] |
CLABSI, central line-associated blood stream infection; PN, parenteral nutrition; SDS, SD score.
Other underlying diseases include volvulus (n = 4), perforation of the small bowel (n = 5), strangulation ileus (n = 2), ileal stenosis (n = 1), milk curd ileus (n = 1), and meconium peritonitis (n = 3).
Defined as resection of ≥70% of small intestine, and/or remaining small bowel length of <50 cm in preterm neonates or <75 cm in term neonates.
Calculated with the Kaplan–Meier method until 26 wk of follow-up.
CLABSI: blood culture proven, treated with antibiotics, until 26 wk of follow-up.
Cholestasis: serum direct bilirubin of >40 µmol/L (≈>2 mg/dL) for >14 consecutive days with need for intervention (decrease/stop/change in type of lipids and/or ursodeoxycholic acid), until 26 wk of follow-up.