Table 4.

Associations between total, added and natural fructose intakes (quartiles, g/day) and MetS, based on logistic regression analyses

		Crude model*	Model 1**	Model 2***	Model 3****
			OR (95% CI)
Total fructose intake (g/day)	Q1: < 26.74	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
	Q2: 26.75–41.99	0.66 (0.32, 1.34)	0.59 (0.27, 1.25)	1.02 (0.42, 2.43)	0.95 (0.40, 2.23)
	Q3: 41.99–64.05	0.79 (0.39, 1.58)	0.85 (0.40, 1.79)	1.09 (0.45, 2.68)	1.11 (0.45, 2.74)
	Q4: > 64.05	1.50 (0.76, 2.96)	1.87 (0.86, 4.02)	2.84 (1.01, 7.94)	3.08 (1.08, 8.79)
Added fructose intake (g/day)	Q1: < 15.10	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
	Q2: 15.10–28.40	0.82 (0.41, 1.66)	0.80 (0.38, 1.68)	1.30 (0.55, 3.04)	1.24 (0.52, 2.91)
	Q3: 28.41–51.48	0.88 (0.44, 1.76)	1.00 (0.47, 2.14)	1.33 (0.53, 3.34)	1.40 (0.56, 3.52)
	Q4: > 51.48	1.54 (0.78, 3.04)	2.10 (0.95, 4.63)	3.18 (1.06, 9.49)	3.47 (1.13, 10.59)
Natural fructose intake (g/day)	Q1: < 6.39	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
	Q2: 6.39–10.39	0.90 (0.45, 1.78)	0.88 (0.42, 1.81)	0.86 (0.38, 1.95)	0.91 (0.39, 2.07)
	Q3: 10.39–16.64	1.03 (0.52, 2.05)	0.96 (0.47, 1.97)	1.16 (0.49, 2.76)	1.06 (0.44, 2.50)
	Q4: > 16.64	0.88 (0.44, 1.76)	0.77 (0.37, 1.61)	1.04 (0.41, 2.64)	1.01 (0.39, 2.60)

BMI body mass index, CHO carbohydrates, CI confidence interval, EI energy intake, OR odds ratio, MetS metabolic syndrome, Q quartile

^* Crude model: No adjustments

^** Model 1: Adjusted for age and sex

^*** Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, CHO (g/day), fibers (g/day), EI (kcal/day), smoking, education and physical activity level

****Model 3: Adjusted for age, sex, body fat (Kg), CHO (g/day), fibers (g/day), EI (kcal/day), smoking, education and physical activity level