Table 1.
Baseline anthropometric and socio-economic characteristics of newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes before (Group I) and during (Group II) COVID-19 pandemic
| Group I | Group II | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antropometric Parameters | |||
| Numerosity (n) | 132 | 40 | |
| Gender (M/F) | 81/51 | 20/20 | 0.20 |
| Age (years) | 9.3 ± 4.3 | 8.4 ± 4.9 | 0.27 |
| Weight (kg) | 36.7 ± 19.3 | 32.0 ± 23.0 | 0.06 |
| Weight-SDS | -0.07 ± 1.31 | -0.77 ± 1.47 | 0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 135.6 ± 26.0 | 127.4 ± 31.6 | 0.15 |
| Height-SDS | 0.13 ± 1.20 | -0.34 ± 1.32 | 0.04 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18.5 ± 4.4 | 17.5 ± 5.6 | 0.01 |
| BMI SDS | -0.26 ± 2.27 | -0.75 ± 1.58 | 0.006 |
| Socio-economic characteristics | |||
| Family history of T1D (yes/no) | 10/122 (7.6%) | 6/34 (15%) | 0.15 |
| Mother education (high/low) | 55/77 | 8/32 | 0.01 |
| Father education (high/low) | 62/70 | 17/23 | 0.61 |
| Father occupation level (high/low) | 51/81 | 13/27 | 0.48 |
| Mother occupation level (high/low) | 51/81 | 8/32 | 0.01 |
Data are mean ± SD. Significant values P ≤ 0.05. P expresses Mann–Whitney analysis across the two groups. SDS, standard deviation score; B.E., Base Excess. HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c. IA2, Islet Antigen 2. TG, anti-transglutaminase antibodies. EMA, anti-Endomysial antibodies. TSH, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone. fT4, free-Thyroxine. TPO, Thyroid Peroxidase antibodies. Tg, Thyroglobulin antibodies