Table 1.
Demographics of patients with glioblastoma and pulmonary embolism organized according to anticoagulation regime. Abbreviations: mRS, modified Rankin Scale; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulants; LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparin; PE, pulmonary embolism; GBM, glioblastoma; SD, standard deviation; MGMT, O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase; IDH-1, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1; KPS, Karnofsky Performance Status; IQR, interquartile range
| Characteristics | DOAC n = 14 | LMWH n = 32 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 6 (43) | 12 (38) | n.s |
| Median time from craniotomy to discharge in days (IQR) | 14.5 (7.5) | 14 (4.75) | n.s |
| Median time from craniotomy to PE in days (IQR) | 7.5 (6.75) | 8 (5.5) | n.s |
| Mean age at time of PE (SD) | 65 (8) | 68 (13) | n.s |
| Admission status | |||
| mRS 0–2 (%) | 13 (93) | 22 (67) | n.s |
| Median KPS (range) | 90 (60–90) | 90 (70–100) | n.s |
| Discharge status | |||
| mRS 0–2 (%) | 8 (57) | 15 (47) | n.s |
| Median KPS (range) | 80 (30–100) | 80 (30–100) | n.s |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Coronary heart disease | 0 (0) | 4 (13) | n.s |
| Tobacco abuse | 0 (0) | 6 (19) | n.s |
| Hypertension | 5 (36) | 12 (38) | n.s |
| Hyperchelesterinamia | 1 (7) | 3 (9) | n.s |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 0 (0) | 6 (19) | n.s |
| Medication at time admission | |||
| Antiepileptics | 7 (50) | 15 (47) | n.s |
| Antidepressants | 1 (7) | 3 (9) | n.s |
| Platelet aggregation inhibitors | 0 (0) | 5 (16) | n.s |
| Vitamin K inhibitors | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| DOACS | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Clinical course | |||
| Gross total resection | 9 (64) | 13 (41) | n.s |
| Postoperative re-bleeding | 1 (7) | 2 (6) | n.s |
| Re-operation | 1 (7) | 2 (6) | n.s |
| Resucitaition | 1 (7) | 1 (3) | n.s |
| Sequela (%) | |||
| Re-thrombosis | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | n.s |
| Major intracranial bleeding | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Re-embolism | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Outcome (%) | |||
| Median KPS at 6 months (range) | 90 (50–100) | 90 (40–100) | n.s |
| Median KPS at 12 months (range) | 80 (60–90) | 70 (50–90) | n.s |
| mRS 0–2 at 6 months (%) | 7 (64) | 10 (48) | n.s |
| mRS 0–2 at 12 months (%) | 6 (75) | 9 (45) | n.s |
| Median overall survival (months) | |||
| 15 | 9 | 0.014 | |
| Histopathology | |||
| MGMT methylated | 6 (43) | 9 (28) | n.s |
| IDH-1 mutated | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | n.s |