Table 1. Descriptive data of the sample.
| Patients (n=69) | Controls (n=43) | p-value | Cohen’s d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic data | ||||
| Age (years) | 39.9 (11.8) | 41.5 (10.5) | 0.47 | - |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.02* | - | ||
| Female | 26 (38) | 7 (16) | - | |
| Male | 43 (62) | 36 (84) | - | |
| Education (years) | 7.7 (3.9) | 10.5 (3.1) | < 0.01** | - |
| Clinical data | ||||
| Age at onset | 27.3 (11.1) | - | - | - |
| Years of disease | 12.4 (10.1) | - | - | - |
| Medication (CPMZ equivalent) | 347.4 (205.3) | - | - | - |
| PANSS | - | - | - | |
| Positive | 9.7 (3) | - | - | - |
| Negative | 17.5 (6.5) | - | - | - |
| General | 26.3 (7.3) | - | - | - |
| Total | 53.4 (13.6) | - | - | - |
| Tobacco use, n (%) | 22 (32) | 5 (11.1) | 0.01** | - |
| Cannabis use, n (%) | 12 (17.4) | 0 (0) | < 0.01** | - |
| Cognitive performance | ||||
| BACS | - | |||
| Verbal memory | 26.4 (9.7) | 36.9 (9.6) | < 0.01** | 1.5 |
| Working memory | 11.8 (4.9) | 15.7 (4.9) | < 0.01** | 0.8 |
| Motor speed | 47.9 (18.5) | 77.8 (16.4) | < 0.01** | 2.3 |
| Verbal fluency, semantic | 13.2 (4.7) | 19 (4.3) | < 0.01** | 3.9 |
| Verbal fluency, category (letter F) | 8.3 (4.1) | 11.8 (4.6) | < 0.01** | 3.8 |
| Verbal fluency, category (letter S) | 7.4 (3.6) | 11.4 (4.1) | < 0.01** | 1.0 |
| Verbal fluency, total | 28.9 (11) | 42.1 (10.5) | < 0.01** | 1.8 |
| Attention | 22.8 (12.1) | 39.2 (14.6) | < 0.01** | 2.7 |
| Reasoning and problem solving | 10.8 (5.8) | 14 (5.8) | < 0.01** | 1.8 |
| Composite score (z) | -1.44 (0.9) | -0.2 (0.8) | < 0.01** | 2.2 |
| Cognitive category, n (%) | < 0.01** | - | ||
| < 1 SD | 23 (33.3) | 36 (80) | - | |
| ≥ 1 SD | 46 (66.7) | 9 (20) | - |
Data presented as median (standard deviation), unless otherwise specified.
BACS = Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia; CPMZ = chlorpromazine; PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SD = standard deviation.
* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.