Table 1:

Candidate Approach of Preeclampsia (PE)

Candidate(s)	Study participants	Associated SNP(s)	P-values	OR	Nature of variant(s)	Mapped Gene(s)	Reference
rs2234693 and rs9340799 in ESR1	119 severe PE cases and 103 controls; Caucasian women from Hungary	homozygous T-A haplotype carriers of rs2234693 and rs9340799	0.003	4.36	intronic	ESR1	(Molvarec et al., 2007)
rs1800629 in TNF-α, rs1800896 in IL-10, rs1800795 in IL-6, and rs2430561 in IFN-γ	116 severe PE cases and 107 normotensive pregnant and 58 non-pregnant controls; women from Brazil	rs2430561	<0.001	not reported	intronic	IFN-γ	(Pinheiro et al., 2015)
C3 selected as candidate gene after primary complement screen	Primary complement screen: 259 severe PE cases and 426 controls; women from Finland C3 candidate screen: 960 severe PE cases and 760 controls; women from Finland	rs2287845 rs366510 rs2287848	0.038 0.039 0.041	1.158 1.158 1.155	intronic intronic intronic	C3 C3 C3	(Lokki et al., 2017)
STOX1	373 early-onset PE cases and 500 controls; Turkish women	rs1341667	0.03	1.45	missense (Tyr153His)	STOX1	(Pinarbasi et al., 2020)
rs1800896, rs1800871, rs180072 in IL-10	177 early-onset PE cases and 182 controls; women from Mongolia	rs1800872	0.04	1.67	promoter region	IL-10	(Song and Zhong, 2015)
rs1800629 in TNF-α	14 PE cases and 12 controls; women from UK	rs1800629	<0.05	not reported	promoter region	TNF-α	(Chen et al., 1996)
rs1799724 in TNF-α	133 PE cases and 115 controls; women from Finland	rs1799724*	0.03	0.45	promoter region	TNF-α	(Heiskanen et al., 2002)
rs2430561 in IFN-γ and rs1800896, rs1800871, and rs1800872 in IL-10	134 cases and 164 controls; women from Iran	rs1800896	0.045	1.45	promoter region	IL-10	(Kamali-Sarvestani et al., 2006)
rs1800629 in TNF-α, rs1800795 in IL-6, rs1800896 in IL-10	101 cases and 95 controls; women from Turkey	rs1800896	0.04	1.52	promoter region	IL-10	(Vural et al., 2010)
rs2243250 in IL-4, rs4986790 in TLR2, rs3918242 in MMP-9	117 PE cases and 146 controls; women from UK	rs2243250	0.055	1.534	promoter region	IL-4	(Fraser et al., 2008)
71 SNPs in candidate genes (CXCR4, HNMT, KYNU, RPRM, ACVR1, ACVR1C, ACVR2A) at 2q22-23 locus on chromosome 2	1,139 PE cases and 2,269 controls; Norwegian women	rs1014064 rs17742134 rs1424941 rs2161983 rs3768687 rs3764955	0.0184 0.0214 0.0171 0.0196 0.0214 0.0327	0.86 1.17 1.18 0.86 0.86 0.87	intronic intronic intronic intronic intronic intronic	ACVR2A ACVR2A ACVR2A ACVR2A ACVR2A ACVR2A	(Roten et al., 2009)