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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Aging. 2022 Feb;37(1):111–124. doi: 10.1037/pag0000634

Table 3.

Continuous Age Studies Included in Meta-analysis

Study Incentive Delay Measure Age

N z Var z
Mean SD
Bickel 2014 hypothetical days parameter 31.64 11.25 1163 −0.05 0.00
Boyle 2012 hypothetical months parameter 83.1 6.7 388 −0.04 0.00
Chao 2009 hypothetical days parameter 46.52 15.09 175 0.08 0.01
Göllner 2018 hypothetical days parameter 46.48 -- 96 0.13 0.01
Halfmann 2013 hypothetical weeks parameter 68.19 19.74 48 0.05 0.02
Hampton 2018 hypothetical years parameter 41 -- 2564 −0.04 0.00
Johnson 2015 hypothetical hours parameter 35.57 -- 197 −0.23 0.01
Kirby 2002 real days parameter 27.4* -- 154 0.31 0.01
Lee 2018 hypothetical days parameter 26.79 9.1 11157 −0.07 0.00
Lempert 2018 hypothetical days parameter 72.07 6.83 74 −0.07 0.01
Li 2020 Study 2 hypothetical days parameter 45.52 16.28 619 0.06 0.00
Löckenhoff 2011 real days parameter 52 20.5 98 −0.34 0.01
Mahalingam 2018 Sample 3 hypothetical/real year parameter 36.16 12.11 189 −0.02 0.01
Mahalingam 2018 Sample 4 hypothetical year parameter 38.01 13.42 208 0.10 0.00
Mahalingam 2018 Sample 5 hypothetical year parameter 27.81 18.71 151 0.01 0.01
Mahalingam 2018 Sample 6 hypothetical year parameter 35.79 11.5 420 0.03 0.00
O’Hora 2016 hypothetical years parameter 30.93 12.1 840 −0.01 0.00
Reimers 2009 hypothetical months proportion -- -- 42863 −0.05 0.00
Sanchez-Roige 2018 hypothetical days parameter 53.79 16.08 23664 0.00 0.00
Seaman 2018 real weeks parameter 49.71 17.92 89 0.12 0.01
Sheffer 2016 hypothetical days parameter 34 11 1122 0.05 0.00
Sisso 2020 hypothetical weeks proportion 49.34 14.64 2630 −0.01 0.00
Stoeckel 2013 real days parameter 33.4 9.8 19 −0.67 0.06
Tschernegg 2015 hypothetical months proportion 25.22 -- 70 −0.10 0.01
Wolfe 2017 hypothetical years proportion 36.92 11.7 13198 0.04 0.00