Table 4. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of all-cause mortality by time spent walking for men according to smoking status.^†.

	Time Spent Walking (hour per day)			P for trend
	≥1	1.0 - 0.5	≤0.5
Never smoker
Person-years	17,959	9,082	11,294
No. of death	65	28	52
Age-adjusted RR	1.00	1.00 (0.64 - 1.56)	1.49 (1.03 - 2.15)	0.041
Multivariate RR1	1.00	1.00 (0.64 - 1.56)	1.42 (0.97 - 2.06)	0.081
Multivariate RR2	1.00	1.03 (0.64 - 1.68)	1.47 (0.98 - 2.21)	0.071
Past smoker
Person-years	16,870	10,231	11,866
No. of death	88	65	77
Age-adjusted RR	1.00	1.31 (0.95 - 1.81)	1.50 (1.10 - 2.04)	0.008
Multivariate RR1	1.00	1.27 (0.92 - 1.76)	1.42 (1.04 - 1.94)	0.026
Multivariate RR2	1.00	1.37 (0.96 - 1.96)	1.40 (0.98 - 1.98)	0.054
Current smoker
Person-years	57,681	28,307	38,738
No. of death	429	191	234
Age-adjusted RR	1.00	0.99 (0.83 - 1.17)	1.02 (0.87 - 1.20)	0.852
Multivariate RR1	1.00	0.95 (0.80 - 1.13)	0.98 (0.83 - 1.15)	0.751
Multivariate RR2	1.00	0.91 (0.75 - 1.10)	0.97 (0.81 - 1.15)	0.607

† : Adjusted for age in years; education (up to 15 years of age, 16-18, or 19 years or older); marital status at baseline (whether or not living with spouse); past histories of hypertension, renal diseases, liver diseases, diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcers, or tuberculosis; alcohol drinking (never drinkers, past drinkers, or current drinkers); body mass index in kg/m² (less than 18.5, 18.5-24.9, or 25.0 or higher); consumption frequencies of green vegetables and oranges (almost daily, 3-4 times per week, 1-2 times per week, or 1-2 times per month or less often). RR2 has been estimated with the exclusion of subjects who died within the first 3 years of follow-up. Numbers in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals.