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. 2022 Feb 8;2(1):e32378. doi: 10.2196/32378

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©Emily Chen, Julie Jiang, Ho-Chun Herbert Chang, Goran Muric, Emilio Ferrara. Originally published in JMIR Infodemiology (https://infodemiology.jmir.org), 08.02.2022.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Infodemiology, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://infodemiology.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Visualization of the 7-day moving average of the volume of tweets that have tweeted a URL from a domain that has been identified as having spread conspiracy-pseudoscience or questionable content according to Media Bias/Fact Check. We identify 3 major narratives and plot the volume of tweets over time that mention keywords related to each of the narratives (hydroxychloroquine [HCQ], US officials and governing agencies, and COVID-19 prevention) in the bottom figure. The top figure plots the same narratives but also includes the total volume of tweets that shared a conspiracy-pseudoscience or questionable domain (which we generalize as misinformation).