Table 2.
A. Treatment characteristics for resectable disease at diagnosis and COVID-19 pandemic impact on treatment. B. Treatment characteristics for resectable borderline disease at diagnosis and COVID-19 pandemic impact on treatment.
| Variables | Levels | Overall (n = 168) | P0 Diagnosis before COVID-19 (n = 75) | P1 Diagnosis during COVID-19 lockdown (n = 24) | P2 Diagnosis after COVID-19 lockdown (n = 69) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First therapeutic decision (%) | Upfront surgery | 108 (64.3) | 47 (62.7) | 9 (37.5) | 52 (75.4) | 0.037 | ||
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 43 (25.6) | 21 (28.0) | 12 (50.0) | 10 (14.5) | ||||
| Chemotherapy alone | 10 (6.0) | 4 (5.3) | 2 (8.3) | 4 (5.8) | ||||
| Best supportive care alone | 7 (4.2) | 3 (4.0) | 1 (4.2) | 3 (4.3) | ||||
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (%) | 43 (25.6) | 20 (26.7) | 12 (50.0) | 11 (15.9) | 0.004 | |||
| Type of chemotherapy regimen (%) | mFOLFIRINOX | 31 (72.1) | 14 (70.0) | 7 (58.3) | 10 (90.9) | 0.326 | ||
| 5-FU-based bi-chemotherapy | 8 (18.6) | 4 (20.0) | 3 (25.0) | 1 (9.1) | ||||
| LV5FU2 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Gemcitabine | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Others | 4 (9.3) | 2 (10.0) | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Number of chemotherapy cycles | Mean (SD) | 5.1 (2.4) | 5.4 (2.5) | 5.1 (2.9) | 4.6 (0.9) | 0.646 | ||
| Chemotherapy in a clinical trial (%) | 26 (13.5) | 20 (21.5) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (10.3) | 0.002 | |||
| Surgery (%) | 134 (80.2) | 61 (81.3) | 17 (70.8) | 56 (82.4) | 0.452 | |||
| Resection performed (%) | 123 (91.8) | 55 (90.2) | 16 (94.1) | 52 (92.9) | 0.810 | |||
| T status (%) | Tis – T0 – T1 – T2 | 85 (69.1) | 40 (72.7) | 11 (68.8) | 34 (65.4) | 0.377 | ||
| T3 – T4 | 35 (28.5) | 15 (27.3) | 5 (31.3) | 15 (28.8) | ||||
| ND | 3 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.8) | ||||
| N status (%) | 0 | 46 (37.4) | 26 (47.3) | 7 (43.8) | 13 (25.0) | 0.142 | ||
| N1–N2 | 75 (61.0) | 29 (52.7) | 9 (56.3) | 37 (71.2) | ||||
| ND | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.8) | ||||
| M status (%) | 0 | 116 (94.3) | 54 (98.2) | 13 (81.2) | 49 (94.2) | 0.039 | ||
| 1 | 6 (4.9) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (12.5) | 3 (5.8) | ||||
| Missing | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (6.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| R status (%) |
0 | 95 (77.2) | 44 (80.0) | 13 (81.2) | 38 (73.1) | 0.746 | ||
| 1 | 21 (17.1) | 7 (12.7) | 3 (18.8) | 11 (21.2) | ||||
| 2 | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| ND |
6 (4.9) |
3 (5.5) |
0 (0.0) |
3 (5.8) |
||||
|
Variables |
Levels |
Overall (n = 110) |
P0 Diagnosis before COVID-19 (n = 50) |
P1 Diagnosis during COVID-19 lockdown (n = 28) |
P2 Diagnosis after COVID-19 lockdown (n = 32) |
P value |
||
| First therapeutic decision (%) | Surgery | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.206 | ||
| Induction chemotherapy | 97 (88.2) | 47 (94.0) | 24 (85.7) | 26 (81.2) | ||||
| Chemotherapy alone | 10 (9.1) | 3 (6.0) | 2 (7.1) | 5 (15.6) | ||||
| Exclusive supportive care | 3 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.1) | 1 (3.1) | ||||
| Induction chemotherapy (%) | 91 (82.7) | 44 (88.0) | 22 (78.6) | 25 (78.1) | 0.410 | |||
| Type of chemotherapy regimen (%) | mFOLFIRINOX | 73 (80.2) | 40 (90.9) | 16 (72.7) | 17 (68.0) | 0.103 | ||
| 5-FU-based bi-chemotherapy | 9 (9.9) | 1 (2.3) | 3 (13.6) | 5 (20.0) | ||||
| LV5FU2 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Gemcitabine | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.0) | ||||
| Others | 8 (8.8) | 3 (6.8) | 3 (13.6) | 2 (8.0) | ||||
| Number of induction chemotherapy cycles (%) | Mean (SD) | 6.2 (2.6) | 6.3 (2.6) | 6.2 (2.5) | 6.1 (2.7) | 0.985 | ||
| Surgery performed (%) | 56 (51.4) | 28 (56.0) | 14 (50.0) | 14 (45.2) | 0.518 | |||
| ND | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.2) | ||||
| Resection performed (%) | 49 (87.5) | 26 (92.9) | 11 (78.6) | 12 (85.7) | 0.267 | |||
| Missing | 1 (1.8) | 1 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| ND | 1 (1.8) | 1 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| T status (%) | T1 – T2 | 43 (86.0) | 24 (88.9) | 9 (81.8) | 10 (83.3) | 0.836 | ||
| T3 | 6 (12.0) | 2 (7.4) | 2 (18.2) | 2 (16.7) | ||||
| ND | 1 (2.0) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| N status (%) | N0 | 13 (26.0) | 7 (25.9) | 2 (18.2) | 4 (33.3) | 0.870 | ||
| N1–N2 | 36 (72.0) | 19 (70.4) | 9 (81.8) | 8 (66.7) | ||||
| ND | 1 (2.0) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| M status (%) | 0 | 47 (94.0) | 26 (96.3) | 9 (81.8) | 12 (100.0) | 0.141 | ||
| 1 | 3 (6.0) | 1 (3.7) | 2 (18.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| R status (%) | 0 | 34 (68.0) | 21 (77.8) | 7 (63.6) | 6 (50.0) | 0.216 | ||
| 1 | 16 (32.0) | 6 (22.2) | 4 (36.4) | 6 (50.0) | ||||
COVID-19. Coronavirus Disease 2019; SD: standard deviation; T: tumour; N: node; M: metastasis; R: resection; ND: not determined.