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. 2021 Nov 25;602(7896):300–306. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04266-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 4 — a, Dependence of human ACE2 expression on the target cells for the SARS-CoV-2 S-based fusion assay. Target cells were prepared by transfecting the indicated amounts of human ACE2 expression plasmid, while Effector cells were prepared by transfecting SARS-CoV-2 S D614G expression plasmid. The fusion activity was measured as described in Methods. Assays were performed in quadruplicate, and fusion activity (arbitrary units) is shown. b, Fusogenic activity of the S proteins of VOCs. Effector cells (S-expressing cells) and target cells (ACE2-expressing cells) were prepared, and the fusion activity was measured as described in Methods. Note that the S protein sequence of “D614G” is identical to that of B.1.1 isolate. Assays were performed in quadruplicate, and fusion activity (arbitrary units) is shown. Data are mean ± S.D. In b, statistically significant differences (*P < 0.05) versus the D614G (black), B.1.1.7/Alpha (blue) or B.1.351/Beta (green) were determined by two-sided Student’s t test.