Table 2.

Characteristics of study participants according to the DASH score and the aMED.

	DASH score (median = 2)			aMED (median = 3)
Variables	≤median	>median	P	≤median	>median	P
Number of participants	14,968	13,937		15,632	13,273
Age, years	46.1 (45.6–46.7)	46.1 (45.7–46.6)	<0.001	44.1 (43.6–44.5)	48.5 (47.9–49.1)	<0.001
Male, n (%)	6,932 (46.0)	6,968 (50.5)	<0.001	7,819 (50.1)	6,081 (45.8)	<0.001
Race/ethnicity, n (%)			<0.001			<0.001
Non-Hispanic white	7,417 (71.6)	6,683 (70.7)		7,330 (69.5)	6,770 (73.1)
Non-Hispanic black	3,364 (12.3)	2,272 (8.8)		3,339 (11.9)	2,297 (9.2)
Mexican American/others	4,187 (16.1)	4,982 (20.5)		4,963 (18.6)	4,206 (17.7)
Body mass index, kg/m2	28.7 (28.5–28.9)	28.0 (27.8–28.1)	<0.001	28.8 (28.6–29.0)	27.9 (27.7–28.0)	<0.001
Hypertension, n (%)	4,889 (29.1)	4,350 (28.0)	0.063	4,837 (28.4)	4,402 (28.8)	0.514
Smoking, n (%)	3,275 (49.3)	2,738 (46.8)	0.035	4,106 (57.1)	1,907 (35.6)	<0.001
Total cholesterol, mg/dl	200.1 (199.2–201.0)	199.1 (198.0–200.2)	<0.001	199.3 (198.3–200.3)	200.0 (199.0–200.9)	<0.001
HDL cholesterol, mg/dl	52.6 (52.2–53.1)	52.8 (52.3–53.2)	<0.001	51.3 (50.8–51.8)	54.3 (53.9–54.8)	<0.001
Triglycerides, mg/dl	147.5 (143.9–151.2)	152.2 (148.8–155.6)	<0.001	155.8 (152.1–159.4)	142.8 (139.9–145.8)	<0.001
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dl	96.4 (95.7–97.1)	96.3 (95.7–97.0)	<0.001	96.8 (96.1–97.4)	95.9 (95.2–96.6)	<0.001
HbA1c, %	5.51 (5.49–5.54)	5.50 (5.47–5.52)	<0.001	5.51 (5.49–5.54)	5.49 (5.47–5.52)	<0.001
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2	96.7 (95.9–97.5)	97.0 (96.3–97.7)	<0.001	98.5 (97.8–99.3)	94.9 (94.0–95.7)	<0.001
Chronic kidney disease, n (%)a	1,270 (6.4)	1,086 (5.8)	0.023	1,169 (5.6)	1,187 (6.6)	0.002
Daily calories, kcal/day	2,140 (2,120–2,160)	2,282 (2,249–2,314)	<0.001	2,169 (2,145–2,194)	2,251 (2,228–2,273)	<0.001
% from carbohydrate	46.9 (46.6–47.1)	53.8 (53.5–54.1)		49.2 (48.9–49.5)	51.3 (51.0–51.6)
% from fat	37.9 (37.7–38.1)	29.8 (29.5–30.1)		34.8 (34.5–35.0)	33.2 (32.9–33.4)
% from protein	15.3 (15.1–15.4)	16.4 (16.3–16.6)		16.0 (15.9–16.2)	15.6 (15.4–15.7)