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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021 Aug 10;63(5):599–607. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13498

Table 1.

Correlations in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) families

MZ twin families DZ twin families
Parental criticism
Twin correlations a .26 (.16, .34) .14 (.09, .22)

Parental criticism and offspring internalising symptoms
Parent-child correlations b .29 (.26, .33) .29 (.26, .33)
Avuncular correlations a .12 (.07, .16) .06 (.04, .09)

Offspring internalising symptoms
Cousin correlations a .17 (.14, .20) .09 (.07, .10)
Twin correlations c .60 (.53, .66) .31 (.26, .37)
a

From the Children-of-Twins sample, TOSS.

b

From the TOSS and the adolescent twin sample, TCHAD.

c

From the TCHAD. Brackets show 95% confidence intervals.