Table 3.
Risk of secondary endpoints according to atrial fibrillation type.
| Outcome | No. of events | Incidence, per 100py | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age and sex adjusted | p value | Multivariable adjusted | p value | |||
| Congestive heart failure hospitalization | ||||||
| Paroxysmal | 133 | 2.1 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Persistent | 86 | 3.1 | 1.47 (1.12; 1.93) | 0.006 | 1.34 (1.00; 1.80) | 0.05 |
| Permanent | 144 | 5.5 | 1.78 (1.39; 2.26) | < 0.001 | 1.30 (1.01; 1.67) | 0.04 |
| Myocardial infarction | ||||||
| Paroxysmal | 41 | 0.6 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Persistent | 15 | 0.5 | 0.81 (0.45; 1.47) | 0.49 | 0.91 (0.48; 1.72) | 0.77 |
| Permanent | 28 | 1.0 | 1.10 (0.67; 1.80) | 0.71 | 0.95 (0.56; 1.59) | 0.84 |
| MACE | ||||||
| Paroxysmal | 134 | 2.1 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Persistent | 73 | 2.6 | 1.23 (0.92; 1.64) | 0.15 | 1.15 (0.85; 1.57) | 0.37 |
| Permanent | 145 | 5.3 | 1.75 (1.37; 2.23) | < 0.001 | 1.41 (1.10; 1.82) | 0.008 |
| All-cause mortality | ||||||
| Paroxysmal | 122 | 1.9 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Persistent | 68 | 2.4 | 1.28 (0.95; 1.72) | 0.11 | 1.23 (0.89; 1.69) | 0.21 |
| Permanent | 147 | 5.2 | 1.80 (1.40; 2.30) | < 0.001 | 1.45 (1.12; 1.87) | 0.005 |
| Major bleeding | ||||||
| Paroxysmal | 99 | 1.6 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Persistent | 51 | 1.8 | 1.19 (0.85; 1.68) | 0.31 | 1.11 (0.76; 1.61) | 0.59 |
| Permanent | 71 | 2.6 | 1.17 (0.86; 1.61) | 0.32 | 0.98 (0.71; 1.36) | 0.90 |
| Non-major bleeding | ||||||
| Paroxysmal | 150 | 2.4 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Persistent | 69 | 2.5 | 1.03 (0.77; 1.37) | 0.86 | 0.82 (0.60; 1.12) | 0.21 |
| Permanent | 117 | 4.5 | 1.38 (1.07; 1.77) | 0.01 | 1.02 (0.79; 1.33) | 0.86 |
| Any bleeding | ||||||
| Paroxysmal | 237 | 3.9 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Persistent | 112 | 4.1 | 1.06 (0.85; 1.33) | 0.61 | 0.89 (0.70; 1.14) | 0.37 |
| Permanent | 174 | 6.9 | 1.28 (1.05; 1.57) | 0.02 | 1.00 (0.81; 1.24) | 1.00 |
Data are hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]). p-values were based on Cox regression models.
No. number, Ref. reference, py patient years, MACE major adverse cardiovascular event (Ischaemic stroke/myocardial infarction/cardiovascular death). P-values are based on Cox regression models. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, sex, heart rate and time-updated: smoking status (current vs. history/never smoker), BMI, history of diabetes, history of coronary artery disease, history of hypertension, history of heart failure, history of stroke and/or transient ischemic attack, history of renal failure, oral anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, history of pulmonary vein isolation and history of electrical cardioversion.