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. 2022 Feb 9;12:2182. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05226-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cumulative suppression of nerve activity over time and increases in temperature during US stimulation. (A) Compound action potentials (CAPs) were averaged over a 20-trial window moving forward at a step of 10 trials, spanning a total of 100 trials. Changes in V_RMS were calculated by comparing the averaged CAP of the moving window with that of the first window and are plotted as a function of the start time of each window in A. Examples for E-only (blue) and EU-paired (1.62 or 0.63 MPa, 10 ms PD, 1 s TD) are plotted. (B) Changes in V_RMS per trial (mean ± SD) for EU-paired groups were significantly lower than E-only groups across 29 sessions in three animals (*p = 5.5E-15, -0.20 ± 0.10% versus -0.01 ± 0.03%). The 0.22 MHz transducer was used in A and B. (C) Changes in V_RMS (black; same data as in Fig. 4B) and temperature (red) are plotted as a function of intensity (I_SPTA) for the 0.22, 0.52, and 1 MHz transducers. Greater nerve suppression was observed at higher I_SPTA, which corresponded to larger increases in nerve temperature. Data are represented as mean ± SD.