Table 1.
The regulatory roles and underlying mechanisms of miR-34a in cardiovascular dysfunction and disorders.
| Experimental model | Experimental intervention | Effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| MI mouse model | miR-34 family inhibitor | ↑Vinculin, SIRT1, PNUTS, Notch1 ↑Bcl6, Sema4b ↓Left ventricular remodeling ↑Cardiac function |
(6) |
| DOXO-induced myocardium | miR-34a inhibitor | ↑Bcl2, SIRT1 ↓Apoptosis and senescence ↓Myocardial fibrosis and inflammation ↓Cardiac dysfunction |
(12) |
| MI-induced rat myocardium | miR-34a mimic | ↓Bcl2, SIRT1 ↑Bax ↑Apoptosis |
(13) |
| MI rat model | miR-34a inhibitor | ↓Apoptosis ↓TGF-β1 ↓CollagenI, α-SMA, ECM deposition |
(19) |
| Cardiac fibroblast post MI | pre-miR-34a | ↑Collagen I, α-SMA, fibronectin ↑TGF-β1, Smad4 ↑Proliferation, migration |
(19) |
| Aged mouse | miR-34a inhibitor | ↑PNUTS ↓Apoptosis, cell death ↓Cardiac hypertrophy ↑Cardiac contractile function |
(20) |
| Mouse model of AMI | miR-34a inhibitor | ↑PNUTS ↓Apoptosis ↓Fibrosis ↑Capillary density ↑Cardiac contractile function |
(20) |
| ox-LDL-elicited HUVECs | miR-34a mimic | ↑ROS, MDA ↓SOD, CAT, GSH,GPx, SIRT1, FOXO3a ↑Oxidative stress |
(21) |
| Mouse CMECs | miR-34a mimic | ↑IL-1β, IL-6 ↓Notch1, IL-10, VEGF, bFGF, HGF ↑Apoptosis ↓Cell viability and capillary-like structures of cells formation ability |
(22) |
| ISO-induced rat myocardial fibrosis model | miR-34a inhibitor | ↑c-Ski ↓Collagen I, α-SMA, TGF-β1 ↓Cardiac fibrosis ↓Cell proliferation |
(23) |
| RBFox2 KO mice | miR-34a inhibitor | ↑JPH2 ↓Anf ↑Cardiac function |
(24) |
| H/R induced mouse cardiomyocytes | miR-34a inhibitor | ↓Bax, caspase 3 ↑Bcl2 ↓ER stress and cell apoptosis |
(25) |
| Apoe–/– mice fed with HFD | miR-34a inhibitor | ↑Bcl2 ↓Bax, Caspase-3, and caspase-9 |
(26) |
| ↑Cell growth and viability ↓Atherosclerotic lesions |
|||
| IS-induced HUVECs and HA VSMCs |
↑miR-34a, p53 ↓Notch-1, SIRT1, Wnt-1, Jag1, ↓Proliferation, migration ↑Apoptosis |
(27) | |
| Wire injury CAVS mice | miR-34a inhibitor | ↑Notch1 ↓Runx2, α-SMA, VCAM1, Cadherin ↓LVEDD ↓Intraventricular septum diameter ↓Aortic velocity, aortic valve tissue area ↓Calcium deposition |
(28) |
ALDH2, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2; Anf, atrial natriuretic factor; ApoE–/–, Apolipoprotein E-defcient; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; bFGF, Basic fibroblast growth factor; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma-2; Bax, Bcl-2 associated X protein; CAVS, Calcific aortic valve stenosis; CAT, catalase; CMECs, Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells; DOXO, doxorubicin; EF, ejection fraction; ER, Endoplasmic reticulum; FS, fractional shorting; GSH, glutathione; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; HCY, Homocystein; HGF, Human growth factor; HFD, high-fat diet; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; HAVSMCs, human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells; IL-1β, Interleukin 1 β; I/R, Ischemia/Reperfusion; IS, indoxyl sulfate; ISO, isoproterenol; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; MI, Myocardial infarction; MDA, malondialdehyde; NF-kB, Nuclear factor kappa-B; ROS, reactive oxygen species; Runx2, Runt-related transcription factor 2; SIRT1, Silent information regulator 1; Sema4b, semaphorin 4B; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TGF-β, Transforming growth factor β; VCAM1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor.