FIGURE 4.

Seasonality of AFB₁-lysine (lys) adduct exposure in Bangladesh and Malawi. (A) Boxplot of AFB₁-lysine adduct concentrations in Bangladeshi mothers, for samples collected during the winter, dry, or rainy seasons. Whiskers extend to the 5th and 95th percentiles. Dotted red line indicates limit of detection (0.01 pg/µL); nondetectable values are imputed at 0.005 pg/µL. (B) AFB₁-lysine adduct concentrations in Bangladeshi mothers, plotted by date of sample collection. LOWESS curves were fit to data from each maternal sample type. (C) Boxplot of AFB₁-lysine adduct concentrations in Malawian mothers and children, for samples collected during either the rainy or dry seasons. Data are plotted as in panel A. (D) AFB₁-lysine adduct concentrations in Malawian mothers and children, plotted by date of sample collection. LOWESS curves were fit to data from each sample type. Horizontal bars in boxplots indicate statistical significance pairwise comparisons by Kruskal-Wallis test, using the Dwass, Steel, Critchlow-Fligner adjustment for multiple comparisons; **P < 0.01, ^****P < 0.0001. AFB₁, aflatoxin B₁; C, 6mo, child at 6 mo old; C, 18mo, child at 18 mo old; LOWESS, locally weighted scatterplot smoothing; M, 1TM, mother at first trimester; M, 2TM, mother at second trimester; M, 3TM, mother at third trimester; M, 3mo, mother at 3 mo postpartum; M, 6mo, mother at 6 mo postpartum.