Table 3.
Hazard ratios for boiled potato intake and French fries in relation to CVD, all-cause, IHD, stroke mortality, and T2DM incidence in 3,401 patients from the Alpha Omega Cohorta.
| Energy-adjusted boiled potato intake | French fries | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | Per 50 g increment | Non-consumer | Consumer (n = 1,622) | |
| (n = 1,133) | (n = 1,134) | (n = 1,134) | (n = 1,779) | |||
| <90.3 g/d | 90.3–129.2 g/d | >129.2 g/d | ||||
| Median (IQR) potato intake, g/d | 45 (29–57) | 90 (80–99) | 133 (119–153) | 90 (58–119) | 0 | 6.2 (3.5–13.3) |
| CVD mortality | ||||||
| Person-years | 13,002 | 13,260 | 12,724 | 38,987 | 19,882 | 19,104 |
| Cases | 212 | 213 | 216 | 641 | 377 | 264 |
| Model 1b, c | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.79, 1.16) | 0.99 (0.81, 1.20) | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.75, 1.04) |
| Model 2c, d | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.80, 1.18) | 0.97 (0.80, 1.19) | 1.00 (0.91, 1.08) | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.76, 1.05) |
| Model 3c, e | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.93, 1.24) | 1.03 (0.83, 1.28) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.13) | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.74, 1.06) |
| All-cause mortality | ||||||
| Cases | 470 | 468 | 538 | 1,476 | 868 | 608 |
| Model 1b, c | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.83, 1.08) | 1.11 (0.97, 1.26) | 1.08 (1.02, 1.14) | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.79, 0.98) |
| Model 2c, d | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.84, 1.09) | 1.10 (0.96, 1.25) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.13) | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.80, 0.99) |
| Model 3c, e | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.84, 1.09) | 1.10 (0.96, 1.25) | 1.09 (1.03, 1.16) | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.79, 1.00) |
| IHD mortality | ||||||
| Cases | 134 | 135 | 125 | 394 | 230 | 164 |
| Model 1b, c | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.78, 1.26) | 0.94 (0.73, 1.20) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.08) | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.73, 1.11) |
| Model 2c, d | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.79, 1.29) | 0.93 (0.72, 1.20) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.08) | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.74, 1.12) |
| Model 3c, e | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.82, 1.35) | 0.96 (0.73, 1.27) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.12) | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.74, 1.16) |
| Stroke mortality | ||||||
| Cases | 38 | 41 | 40 | 119 | 66 | 53 |
| Model 1b, c | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.64, 1.58) | 0.99 (0.63, 1.57) | 0.94 (0.77, 1.15) | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.67, 1.42) |
| Model 2c, d | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.67, 1.64) | 1.01 (0.63, 1.60) | 0.94 (0.77, 1.15) | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.69, 1.46) |
| Model 3c, e | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.73, 1.84) | 1.16 (0.70, 1.93) | 1.00 (0.80, 1.25) | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.62, 1.41) |
| T2DM | ||||||
| Person-years | 3,628 | 3,635 | 3,597 | 10,860 | 5,708 | 5,153 |
| Cases | 50 | 65 | 71 | 186 | 85 | 101 |
| Model 1b, c | 1.00 | 1.30 (0.90, 1.89) | 1.45 (1.00, 2.10) | 1.07 (0.92, 1.24) | 1.00 | 1.34 (1.00, 1.81) |
| Model 2c, f | 1.00 | 1.33 (0.92, 1.94) | 1.47 (1.01, 2.14) | 1.08 (0.92, 1.25) | 1.00 | 1.34 (0.99, 1.80) |
| Model 3c, d | 1.00 | 1.39 (0.95, 2.05) | 1.60 (1.06, 2.40) | 1.11 (0.94, 1.32) | 1.00 | 1.22 (0.87, 1.69) |
CVD, cardiovascular disease; IHD, ischemic heart disease; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Adjusted for age, sex, and total energy intake.
Values are HRs (95% CIs) obtained from Cox proportional hazards models, using Tertile 1 as reference.
Adjusted as in Model 1, plus for education level, smoking, physical activity, and alcohol intake.
Adjusted as in Model 2, plus for whole and refined grains, fish, red and processed meat, milk, yogurt and custard, vegetables, fruits, mayonnaise, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, sugar-sweetened beverages, sweet and sour snacks and nuts, seeds, and legumes. For boiled potatoes, additionally adjusted for non-boiled potato dishes. For French fries, additionally adjusted for non-fried potato dishes.
Adjusted as in Model 1, plus for education level, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, and family history of diabetes mellitus.