Figure 2.

In schizophrenia, individual variation in DMN topography is linked to cigarette consumption: higher cigarette consumption is linked to both increased connectivity between parieto-occipital ROI and DMN and decreased connectivity between parieto-occipital ROI and the DAN. We identified a parieto-occipital region (Thresholded voxelwise p < 0.001, Cluster k = 77, MNI x42, y −78, z18, p < 0.05) where functional connectivity correlates with daily cigarette use in our combined sample of schizophrenia and control smokers (A). In this region, increased functional connectivity correlates with greater daily cigarette consumption. We repeated this analysis in each diagnostic sub-group and observed a significant relationship between connectivity and cigarette use in the schizophrenia group (Cluster k = 52, p < 0.05) (B) but not in the neurotypical group (C). After identifying the parieto-occipital region where functional connectivity correlated with daily cigarette use, we conducted follow-up seed-based connectivity analysis to examine the spatial pattern of how connectivity to this region correlates with nicotine consumption in the schizophrenia group. We observed that global functional connectivity to this region was positively correlated with the DMN and negatively correlated with the DAN (D), which was readily apparent by visual inspection. Higher cigarette consumption was linked to both increased connectivity between the parieto-occipital ROI and DMN and decreased connectivity between the parieto-occipital ROI and the DAN.