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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Biomater. 2021 Oct 25;140:43–75. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.030

Figure 10.

Figure 10.

Structure and assembly of PAs: (A) typical structure of a PA, including a hydrophobic tail, β-sheet forming region, charged region, and a bioactive epitope; (B) rendering of a PA with an IKVAV bioactive epitope and the assembly of the IKVAV-presenting PA into nanofibers; (C) scanning electron micrograph of the nanofiber network formed by addition of cell media to an aqueous solution of IKVAV-PA; (D) transmission electron micrograph of the IKVAV-PA nanofiber network. Adapted with permission from Cui et al. [167], Copyright (2010) Wiley-VCH GmbH & Weinheim.