. 2021 Aug 2;80(3):544–560. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab041

Table 2.

General characteristics of included studies

Reference; study design	Setting characteristics: location, setting, year intervention was implemented	Participants’ characteristics: total initial sample, female sex (%), mean (SD) age	Main intervention	Main characteristics of intervention: duration, follow-up period, intensity and frequency	Nutritional component	PA component	Psychological or behavioral component	Pharmacologic or surgery component	Other relevant component
Ceballos-Gurrola 2020²⁰ Randomized controlled trial	NR (Nuevo Leon) Public secondary school in a municipality in the urban area. 2014	62 46.7% Mean (SD) age: 13.3 (1.01) y	The CENLO (not an abbreviation) health program considered 3 simultaneously: nutritional orientation, PA practice, and phototherapy (ie, light therapy or heliotherapy post-PA)	3.5 mo NR 14 nutritional sessions (60 min/wk) + 56 PA sessions (60 min × 4 times/wk) + 28 phototherapy sessions (40 min × 2 times/wk) Delivered by: NR	✓	✓	NR	NR	Phototherapy was implemented in 1 of the interventions groups.
Diáz 2010²¹ Randomized controlled trial	Hermosillo (Sonora) Public primary care unit within a secondary care hospital 2006–2007	43 51.1% 11.6 (2.1) y	Behavioral modification intervention based on a program, culturally appropriate topics focused mainly on the health belief model and a simple food guide	12 mo NR 12 sessions (2 h group sessions/12 wk) + 21 sessions with a nutritionist (weekly during the first 12 consecutive weeks, months after that) + 12 sessions with physician (10–15 min monthly consultations) Delivered by: trained general practitioners, a pediatrician, and a nutritionist	✓	✓	✓	NR	Parents received 6 education sessions and were encouraged to lose weight if they were overweight.
Elizondo-Montemayor^22a Cohort (1 group before and after)	Monterrey (Nuevo Leon) 8 Public schools of low SES 2010–2011	96 45.8% 9.1 (1.4) y	Dietetic and lifestyle intervention, including individualized diets and PA, advice Information was given to parents about healthy food and eating.	1 school year NR 13 session (30 min each) Delivered by: nutritionist	✓	✓	NR	NR	Parents were involved in the intervention.
Elizondo-Montemayor 2014 b^23a Cohort (one group before and after)	Monterrey (Nuevo Leon) 8 Public schools of low SES NR	125 45.5% NR	Dietetic and lifestyle intervention, including individualized diets Information given to parents about healthy food and eating	1 school year NR 13 sessions (45 min each) Delivered by: nutritionist	✓	NR	NR	NR	Parents were involved in the intervention.
Escalante-Izeta 2013 (abstract)²⁴ Cohort (1 group before and after)	Mexico City (Mexico City) No data on setting NR	10 NR NR	Lifestyle intervention based on the Spanish program “Kids in Motion,” which aims to produce changes in the child and their family, lifestyle, eating habits, and emotional factors contributing to weight gain	3 mo NR 11 sessions (no additional detail provided) Delivered by: NR	✓	✓	✓	NR	NR
Garcia-Morales 2006²⁵ Randomized controlled trial	Mexico City (Mexico City) Outpatients attending the Endocrinology Department of a public children's hospital 2001–2003	51 56.5% 14.9 (1.2) y	Pharmacologic intervention (ie, sibutramine) plus lifestyle changes intervention Participants received individually tailored diet and exercise advice.	6 mo NR 18 sessions (no additional detail provided) Delivered by: practitioners, pediatric nutritionist, and registered nutritionist (for anthropometry)	✓	✓	NR	✓	NR
Garibay-Nieto 2017²⁶ Randomized controlled trial	Mexico City (Mexico City) Pediatric obesity clinic at a public hospital 2012–2014	83 NR 12.6 (2.7) y	Patients received a lifestyle intervention program and were randomly assigned to receive either metformin (1 g/d) and conjugated linoleic acid (3 g/d) or a placebo (1 g/d). Lifestyle intervention included a structured PA session, followed by a psychoeducational group session and educational material about healthy lifestyles.	4 mo NR 4 sessions (each included 1 h PA + psychoeducational group session + medical consultation) Delivered by: nutritionists, psychologists, pediatricians, pediatric endocrinologists, and a physical trainer	✓	✓	✓	✓	Parents were involved in the intervention.
González-Heredia 2014²⁷ Controlled trial	Ciudad Obregon (Sonora) Family medicine unit of a public hospital NR	60 51.6% 9.2 (2) y	Lifestyle intervention focused on eating habits modification through individualized diets.	6 mo NR Delivered by: unclear	✓	NR	NR	NR	The intervention included personalized diet for the parents and children.
Hall-López 2017²⁸ Cohort (1 group before and after)	Mexicali (Baja California) Public elementary school NR	26 42.3% 9.4 (0.3) y	PA practice intervention based on the CATCH model (US program), including moderate to vigorous exercise	10 mo NR; 80 sessions (50 min × 2 times/wk) Delivered by: unclear	NR	✓	NR	NR	Pedagogical elements of teaching support for the teacher to instruct PA with moderate to vigorous intensity for ≥50% of class time.
Huang 2010^29–31 Controlled trial	Mexico City (Mexico City) Public children's hospital NR	97 41.2% 11.9 (1.4) y	Lifestyle intervention included dietary advice, PA practices, behavioral counselling, and active involvement of the family.	6 mo NR 24 sessions + 4 parents intensive lifestyle support sessions + 6 telephone sessions (15 min monthly) Delivered by: nutritionist, physician, clinical psychologist	✓	✓	✓	NR	Family (parents and siblings) was involved in the intervention.
Jimenez 2017 (abstract)³² Cohort analytic (2 groups before and after)	Guadalajara (Jalisco) No details on setting NR	27 63% 15.7 (NR) y	Surgery intervention. Two different bariatric surgeries: in 1 cohort, the gastric sleeve was performed, and in the other, gastric bypass.	NR 24 mo NR Delivered by: unclear	NR	NR	NR	✓	NR
Laguna-Alcaraz 2017³³ Cohort (1 group before and after)	Morelia (Michoacan) Public clinic 2013–2014	13 46.1% 11.5 (1.6) y	Lifestyle intervention included the “PREVENIMSS program” (lifestyle change comprehensive program used in the public health system), nutritional support, and PA performance.	6 mo NR; 10 sessions (with nutritionist) + 24 educational sessions (1 h each) + 72 PA sessions (1 h each) Delivered by: nutritionist, undergraduate physician	✓	✓	NR	NR	NR
López-Alarcon 2019³⁴ Randomized controlled trial	Mexico City (Mexico City) Clinical nutrition research unit of a public hospital 2012–2015	245 52.6% 13.6 (1.8) y	Supplementation intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 800 mg EPA + 400 mg DHA or a placebo.	1-mo NR Delivered by: nutritionist did anthropometry; however, the role was unclear	✓	NR	NR	NR	NR
López-Alarcon 2020³⁵ Controlled trial	Mexico City (Mexico City) Clinical nutrition research unit of a public hospital 2018	63 35.5% 11.4 (0.3) y	Mindfulness intervention with guided sessions, with interactive activities to teach standard mindfulness skills. A short homework exercise was assigned to help children apply mindfulness skills to daily life.	2 mo 2 mo 8 sessions (2 h each) Delivered by: 2 certified mindfulness consultants	?	NR	✓	NR	Sessions were delivered for parents in parallel with the sessions provided to the children.
Luna-Ruiz 2007³⁶ Cohort (1 group before and after)	Leon (Guanajuato) Public family medicine unit 2003–2004	28 46% 9.8 (1.6) y	Educational intervention that included children’s’ mothers. It used a participatory technique following a diabetes mellitus educational program. Also, outdoor PA for mothers and children	6 mo NR; 2 sessions for parents (1.5 h each) + 6 sessions for children (monthly, NR) + 24 PA session for mothers and children (2 h each). Delivered by: nutritionist, physical activity monitor, and “obesity educator”	✓	✓	NR	NR	Parents were involved in the intervention.
Martin-Mosqueda 2012³⁷ Cohort (1 group before and after)	Guadalajara (Jalisco) Outpatient nutrition consultation at a medical center NR	7 42.9% 11.5 (0.9) y	“Light mind and weight” was a lifestyle intervention for children and parents. Participants were taught how to put together their menus with no restrictions. They were thought to achieve the right nutritional balance. PA practice sessions were delivered. Cognitive behavioral therapy was conducted in group sessions for children's parents.	3 mo NR 1 nutritional session, 48 PA sessions (30–45 min each) + 12 psychological sessions (90 min each) Delivered by: NR	✓	✓	✓	NR	Parents were involved in the intervention.
Moran 2017³⁸ Cohort (1 group before and after)	Mexico City (Mexico City) Pediatric public hospital NR	46 65.2% 11.8 (2.6) y	Educational intervention including both children and parents in small groups (5 children with their parents or guardians) provided material about the importance of adequate nutrition.	4 mo NR 8 group sessions (1 h each) Delivered by: dietitian and medical doctor	✓	✓	NR	NR	Parents were involved in the intervention.
Pompa-Guajardo 2018³⁹ Cohort analytic (3 groups before and after)	Unclear (Nuevo Leon) Summer camp. No additional details provided NR	102 38% 10.2 (1.5) NR	Lifestyle intervention delivered at a 5-day summer camp. Activities included group sessions where participants were encouraged to express their feelings about eating behavior and express their thoughts and emotions.	6 mo or 1 y (depending on the allocated intervention group) Group 2 included 12 mo follow-up Group 1: 5 daily sessions during summer camp + 6 group sessions (1/mo after the summer camp) Group 2: 5 daily sessions during summer camp + 12 group sessions (90 min session, 1 every 15 d after the summer camp) + 12 monthly meetings with parents Delivered by: nutritionists, psychologists, pediatricians, and sports doctors	?	?	?	NR	In group 2, parents were involved in the intervention.
Rodríguez-Morán 2014⁴⁰ Randomized controlled trial	Durango City (Durango) Low SES secondary schools, located near a public clinic where the study took place NR	115 47.8% 13.2 (0.9) y	Cognitive behavioral therapy plus indications for a low-calorie diet and PA practice	4 mo NR 20 nutrition sessions (1 h weekly) + 80 PA sessions (from Monday to Friday) NR Delivered by: medical doctors, psychologists, nutritionists, and physical education and sport graduates	✓	✓	✓	NR	Parents were invited to participate in the exercise group sessions.
Romero-Pérez 2020⁴¹ Randomized controlled trial	NR (Sonora) Primary schools (unclear if public or private) NR	105 57.1% 10 (0.8) y	PA practice group sessions intervention	5 mo NR 40 sessions (50 min each × 2 times a week) Delivered by: NR	NR	✓	NR	NR	NR
Rosado 2008⁴² Randomized controlled trial	Queretaro City (Queretaro) 6 Elementary schools (unclear if public or private) 2002–2003	262 51.1% 9.1 (1.5) y	Intervention looking at the increase in ready-to-eat cereal (from Kellogg’s) intake	3 mo NR 12 sessions (1 weekly) NR Delivered by: nutritionist.	✓	NR	NR	NR	Mothers were involved in the intervention.
Rosas-Nexticapa 2017⁴³ Randomized controlled trial	Xalapa (Veracruz) 5 Public elementary schools NR	121 53.7% NR	Supplementation intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to (1) 2 gummies 60 mg of DHA and EPA; (2) 3 gummies (90 mg DHA and EPA); (3) 10 g of salmon (211 mg DHA); or (4) 15 g of salmon (316 mg DHA)	3 mo NR 60 doses (Monday to Friday × 3 mo) Delivered by: NR	×	NR	NR	NR	Supplements of DHA
Sáenz-Soto 2004⁴⁴ Cohort (1 group before and after)	Monterrey (Nuevo Leon) Pediatric clinic of a third-level hospital NR	25 52% 12 (1) y	Educational intervention targeting adolescents and mothers to modify the level of PA and the consumption of foods rich in fat. PA practice sessions were delivered for both mothers and adolescents.	9 wk 4 wk 4 educational sessions (45–60 min each) + 8 PA sessions (45–60 min each) Delivered by: pediatrician checked, but unclear if delivered	✓	✓	NR	NR	Mothers were involved in the intervention.
Santiago-Lagunes 2018 (abstract)⁴⁵ Cohort (1 group before and after)	Mexico City (Mexico City) Obesity and Adolescents Clinic of the National Institute of Pediatrics (public service) NR	27 NR NR	Individualized lifestyle intervention	8 mo NR 1 consultation (basal consultation, NR) + 8 consultations (weekly up to 8, duration NR) + 6 consultations (monthly consultation up to 6 times to complete 8 mo) Duration: NR Delivered by: multidisciplinary health team (no additional detail provided)	?	?	NR	NR	NR
de Sanchez 2004⁴⁶ Cohort analytic (3 groups before and after)	Monterrey (Nuevo Leon) Department of Endocrinology in a public hospital, but children recruited from schools 2002–2005	100 56% 8.8 (1.8) y	Multidisciplinary intervention for weight loss treatment, which consisted of a weeklong summer camp and a monthly follow-up for6 mo (no additional information provided)	1 wk 6 mo 2 sessions + 6 sessions (monthly follow-up) Delivered by: endocrinologist, pediatrician, dietitian, nurse, sports physician, and psychologist	?	?	NR	NR	NR
Velázquez-López 2009⁴⁷ Cohort (1 group before and after)	Mexico City (Mexico City) Public family medicine unit NR	40 45% 10.3 (3) y	All patients and their families received personalized nutritional advice once a month.	4 mo NR 4 sessions (1 monthly, duration: NR) Delivered by: nutrition graduates	✓	✓	NR	NR	Family (parents and siblings) was involved in the intervention.
Velázquez-López 2014⁴⁸ Randomized controlled trial	Mexico City (Mexico City) Public family medicine unit NR	49 53% 11.3 (2.8) y	Nutritional intervention comparing Mediterranean-style vs a standard diet style.	4 mo NR 5 sessions (consultation every 3 wk) Duration: NR Delivered by: nutritionists	✓	✓	NR	NR	Family (parents and siblings) was involved in the intervention.
Violante-Ortíz 2005⁴⁹ Cohort (1 group before and after)	NR, but authors affiliations are within the Mexican context Obesity clinic (unclear if private or public) NR	105 67.1% 15.8 (1.5) y	Pharmacologic intervention (ie, sibutramine 10 mg/d) with behavioral modification intervention, and PA and dietetic advice.	6 mo NR Doses daily Delivered by: nutritionist. No additional health professional reported	✓	✓	✓	✓	NR
Virgen-Ortiz 2007 (letter to the editor)⁵⁰ Cohort (1 group before and after)	Colima City (Colima) Private school NR	169 NR NR	PA practice and a diet modification intervention	4 mo NR NR Delivered by: NR	✓	✓	NR	NR	NR

Abbreviations: DHQ, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; NR, not reported; PA, physical activity; SES, socioeconomic status; CATCH, Coordinated Approach to Child Health, PREVENIMSS program, Spanish abbreviation for "Prevention program from the Mexican Institute of Social Security"; ✓, component included; ?, unclear if the component was included; ×, component not included.

Unclear from the publications if the population data of Elizondo-Montemayor et al²² and Elizondo-Montemayor et al²³ overlapped. For this reason, these publications are presented separately.