Figure 4. Family Structure–Associated Household Characteristics Predict Behavior in Response to COVID-19.

Mode 2 COVID-19 experiences within an individual family can be used to reliably predict corresponding factors including family conflict, engagement in social distancing, child loneliness, and sense of food insecurity. For each box plot, family data from approximately two-thirds of random family picks were used to train linear predictive models (details in Methods), which were then evaluated for prediction accuracy in approximately one-third of unseen holdout families (dispersion and whiskers). Box plots show the corresponding effect sizes, while the error bars show the robustness of the effect sizes. For complete variable definitions, see eTables 2 and 3 in the Supplement.