Data are presented as n (total patients with available mortality status), n (mortality cases), and odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]). All models were adjusted for cohort heterogeneity by taking study cohort as random effect in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. In addition, for each variable of interest, we constructed different models with appropriate adjustments for confounders. aAdjusted for age, ethnicity, and Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) category. bAdjusted for sex, ethnicity, and TOAST category. cAdjusted for age, sex, and TOAST category. dAdjusted for age, sex, and TOAST category. eAdjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. fAdjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. CE = cardioembolism; HICs = high-income countries; LMICs = low and middle-income countries; LVA = large vessel atherosclerosis; OD = other determined etiology; SVD = small vessel disease; UD = undetermined etiology.