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. 2022 Jan 27;8:790529. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.790529

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Copyright © 2022 Chen, Zhang, Millican, Lynd, Gangasani, Malhotra, Sherwood, Hwang, Cho, Brott, Qin, Jo, Yoon and Jun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) The process of assembling the main block and the PDMS substrate with ridge obstacles, with the inset showing the zoomed-in PDMS substrate. (B) A confluent layer of HAECs cultured under (i) laminar flow, (ii) disturbed flow, and (iii) static condition, following which the actin cytoskeleton was labeled with Atto 565-phalloidin. (C) Diagram of the co-culture model. (D) Foam cell formation after being treated with atorvastatin and LDL at different concentrations. Adapted, with permission from (130) (A,B) and (131) (C,D). **P < 0.01.