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. 2022 Jan 27;8:790529. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.790529

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Copyright © 2022 Chen, Zhang, Millican, Lynd, Gangasani, Malhotra, Sherwood, Hwang, Cho, Brott, Qin, Jo, Yoon and Jun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Gelatin-based carotid artery model. (B) Actual assembled carotid artery system. (C) ECs morphology in Region ECA after dynamic experiment 8, 16, and 24 h or ECs in Region ECA. ECs morphology in Region CS after dynamic experiment 8, 16, and 24 h. (D,E) Distribution of ECs in cross-section of Region ECA (The white arrows point in the direction of flow). (F–I) The expression of ICAM-1 (F) and VCAM-1 (G) was studied in the Regions ECA and CS after 24-h perfusion experiment; (H) The vasoactive substances NO; (I) Expression of ZO-1 was studied in the Regions ECA and CS after 24 h perfusion. Adapted, with permission from (183). *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001.