Table 1.

Summary of in vitro 2D single-cell culture model and its specific function for evaluating drug delivery system for atherosclerosis.

Model	Model function (biological process studied)	References
Macrophage	To evaluate drug delivery system targeting ability to plaque	(39)
	To evaluate drug delivery system effects on macrophage polarization	(40)
	To evaluate drug delivery system effects on cholesterol removal (efflux)	(41–43)
	To evaluate drug delivery system effects on inflammation resolution	(44–50)
	To evaluate drug delivery system effects on Reactive oxygen species generation	(41, 47, 49, 51–54)
	To evaluate drug delivery system effects on nitric oxide production	(52)
	To evaluate drug delivery system effects on efferocytosis and phagocytosis	(55, 56)
	To evaluate cellular uptake of drug delivery system	(41, 43, 44, 49, 55, 56)
	To evaluate drug delivery system effects on cellular apoptosis	(49, 57)
	To evaluate drug delivery system effects on foam cell formation	(41, 42, 46, 49, 57)
SMC	To evaluate drug delivery system effects on the cellular proliferation	(44)
	To evaluate drug delivery system effects on foam cell formation	(49, 58)
	To evaluate the cellular uptake of drug delivery systems	(49)
EC	To evaluate the cellular uptake of drug delivery systems	(44)
Foam cell	To evaluate cellular binding of drug delivery systems	(51)
	To evaluate drug delivery system effects on cholesterol removal (efflux)	(54)
	To evaluate drug delivery system effects on inflammation resolution	(54)