Table 3.
Univariable analysis of prognostic variables related to hospital mortality and/or ICU transfer during hospitalization in 96 patients with cryptococcal meningitis at Emilio Ribas Institute of Infectious Diseases, São Paulo, Brazil
| Variables | All | Death or ICU transfer (n = 37) | Survivor or no ICU transfer (n = 56) | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)-average (IQR) | 38.7 (29–46) | 41.8 (30.5–51) | 36.3 (28–44.5) | 0.06 |
| Glasgow coma scale (IQR) | 14 (15) | 14 (14–15) | 15 (15–15) | < 0.001 |
| Signs and symptoms at admission | ||||
| Headache | 77/90 (85.56%) | 25/34 (73.53%) | 52/56 (92.86%) | 0.03 |
| Mental confusion | 19/90 (21.11%) | 11/34 (32.35%) | 8/56 (14.29%) | 0.06 |
| Seizure | 12/90 (13.33%) | 7/34 (20.59%) | 5/56 (8.93%) | 0.2 |
| Nausea | 28/90 (31.11%) | 7/34 (20.59%) | 21/56 (37.5%) | 0.11 |
| Cough | 2/90 (2.22%) | 2/34 (5.88%) | 0/56 (0%) | 0.14 |
| Neck stiffness | 3/90 (3.33%) | 3/34 (8.82%) | 0/56 (0%) | 0.05 |
| Storpor | 4/90 (4.44%) | 3/34 (8.82%) | 1/56 (1.79%) | 0.15 |
| Clinical-laboratory data | ||||
| Cerebral toxoplasmosis | 9/90 (10%) | 7/34 (20.59%) | 2/56 (3.57%) | 0.02 |
| Systemic arterial hypertension | 6/90 (6.67%) | 5/34 (14.71%) | 1/56 (1.79%) | 0.03 |
| Lymphoma | 3/90 (3.33%) | 3/34 (8.82%) | 0/56 (0%) | 0.05 |
| Pneumonia | 11/90 (12.22%) | 9/34 (26.47%) | 2/56 (3.57%) | 0.002 |
| Culture of Cryptococcus spp. from bloodstream | 18/89 (20.22%) | 12/34 (35.29%) | 6/55 (10.91%) | 0.007 |
| Culture of Cryptococcus spp. from extra neural sites | 20/89 (22.47%) | 12/34 (35.29%) | 8/55 (14.55%) | 0.03 |
| CSF yeasts count (yeasts/mm3) average (IQR) | 749 (6–665) | 1531 (73–2240) | 275 (2.5–330) | 0.002 |
| Urea level (mg/dL) average (IQR) | 33.41 (21–40) | 40.91 (22–48) | 28.46 (21–34) | 0.04 |
| HIV viral load average (IQR) | 242,556 (1824–332,156) | 280,197 (7912–3,826,251) | 221,890 (495 -311,000) | 0.18 |
| Regular antiretroviral therapy | 17/90 (18.89%) | 3/34 (8.82%) | 14/56 (25%) | 0.09 |
| C. neoformans VNI | 77/96 (80.21%) | 27/37 (72.97%) | 48/56 (85.71%) | 0.18 |
| AMB-FCZ therapy | 42/89 (47.19%) | 12/34 (35.29%) | 30/55 (54.55%) | 0.09 |
| FCZ MIC (mg/L) average (IQR) | 9 (1–16) | 8 (1–8) | 10 (1–16) | 0.20 |
| FCZ MIC ≥ 16 mg/L | 27/96 (28.13%) | 7/37 (18.92%) | 20/56 (35.71%) | 0.10 |
| Neuroimaging-computed tomography | ||||
| Cerebral edema | 4/90 (4.44%) | 4/34 (11.76%) | 0/56 (0%) | 0.02 |
| Ventricular dilation | 4/90 (4.44%) | 4/34 (11.76%) | 0/56 (0%) | 0.02 |
| No alterations | 42/90 (46.67%) | 11/34 (32.35%) | 31/56 (55.36%) | 0.05 |
| Neuroimaging-magnetic resonance imaging | ||||
| Pseudocysts | 4/90 (4.44%) | 3/34 (8.82%) | 1/56 (1.79%) | 0.15 |
*p ≤ 0.2; IQR, interquartile range 25–75%; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; AMB, amphotericin B; FCZ, fluconazole; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration