Table 2.
Effects of the lockdown period on alcohol consumption. Main effects (Model 0) and interaction terms (Models 1 & 2). OLS fixed-effects modelsa.
| Model 0 (n = 451,064) |
Model 1 (n = 451,052) |
Model 2 (n = 450,029) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | CI 95% | β | CI 95% | β | CI 95% | |
| Living arrangement (shared household) | ||||||
| Lives alone | -0.03 | (−0.13 to 0.06) | -0.04 | (−0.13 to 0.06) | ||
| Lockdown Period (April 2020) | ||||||
| May | -0.23 * * | (−0.26 to −0.19) | -0.23 * * | (−0.27 to −0.19) | -0.24 * * | (−0.32 to −0.17) |
| June | -0.15 * * | (−0.18 to −0.11) | -0.15 * * | (−0.19 to −0.12) | -0.08 * | (−0.16 to −0.01) |
| July/August | 0.20 * * | (0.16–0.24) | 0.21 * * | (0.17–0.26) | 0.29 * * | (0.21–0.37) |
| September/October | 0.01 | (−0.03 to 0.05) | -0.01 | (−0.06 to 0.03) | 0.04 | (−0.05 to 0.12) |
| November | -0.17 * * | (−0.21 to −0.13) | -0.18 * * | (−0.23 to −0.14) | -0.09 * | (−0.18 to −0.01) |
| December | -0.20 * * | (−0.24 to −0.15) | -0.21 * * | (−0.26 to −0.17) | -0.17 * * | (−0.26 to −0.08) |
| January 2021 | -0.31 * * | (−0.35 to −0.27) | -0.35 * * | (−0.40 to −0.31) | -0.30 * * | (−0.39 to −0.21) |
| March | -0.22 * * | (−0.27 to −0.17) | -0.26 * * | (−0.32 to −0.20) | -0.20 * * | (−0.32 to −0.09) |
| April | -0.12 * * | (−0.17 to −0.07) | -0.16 * * | (−0.22 to −0.10) | -0.15 * * | (−0.26 to −0.04) |
| May | -0.04 | (−0.08 to 0.00) | -0.07 * * | (−0.12 to 0.02) | 0.01 | (−0.07 to 0.10) |
| June/July | 0.31 * * | (0.27–0.36) | 0.32 * * | (0.28–0.37) | 0.48 * * | (0.39–0.56) |
| Lockdown ## Living arrangement | ||||||
| May##Alone | 0.02 | (−0.08 to 0.12) | 0.02 | (−0.08 to 0.12) | ||
| June##Alone | 0.05 | (−0.05 to 0.15) | 0.06 | (−0.04 to 0.16) | ||
| July/August##Alone | -0.06 | (−0.18 to 0.04) | -0.05 | (−0.17 to 0.06) | ||
| September/October##Alone | 0.13 * | (0.01–0.24) | 0.13 * | (0.01–0.25) | ||
| November##Alone | 0.10 | (−0.01 to 0.22) | 0.10 | (−0.01 to 0.23) | ||
| December##Alone | 0.14 * | (0.02–0.26) | 0.14 * | (0.02–0.27) | ||
| January 2021##Alone | 0.34 * * | (0.22–0.46) | 0.34 * * | (0.22–0.46) | ||
| March##Alone | 0.27 * * | (0.11–0.42) | 0.27 * * | (0.12–0.42) | ||
| April##Alone | 0.25 * * | (0.10–0.40) | 0.25 * * | (0.10–0.40) | ||
| May##Alone | 0.22 * * | (0.10–0.35) | 0.23 * * | (0.11–0.36) | ||
| June/July##Alone | -0.04 | (−0.16 to 0.08) | -0.02 | (−0.14 to 0.10) | ||
| Social Isolation | 0.004 | (−0.01 to 0.02) | ||||
| Lockdown ## Isolation | ||||||
| May##Isolation | 0.00 | (−0.01 to 0.02) | ||||
| June##Isolation | -0.02 * * | (−0.04 to −0.01) | ||||
| July/August##Isolation | -0.02 * | (−0.04 to 0.00) | ||||
| September/October##Isolation | -0.01 | (−0.03 to 0.01) | ||||
| November##Isolation | -0.03 * | (−0.05 to −0.01) | ||||
| December##Isolation | -0.01 | (−0.03 to 0.01) | ||||
| January 2021##Isolation | -0.01 | (−0.03 to 0.01) | ||||
| March##Isolation | -0.01 | (−0.04 to 0.10) | ||||
| April##Isolation | 0.00 | (−0.03 to 0.02) | ||||
| May##Isolation | -0.03 * | (−0.05 to −0.01) | ||||
| June/July##Isolation | -0.06 * * | (−0.09 to −0.04) | ||||
* p-value < 0.05; ** p-value < 0.01.
a
All models account for employment status. Model 0 accounts for “lockdown period”; Model 1 adds the interaction between “lockdown period” and “living arrangement”; Model 2 adds the interaction between “lockdown period” and “feelings of isolation”.