Table 3.
Comparisons between students who left the study and those who completed it on clinical issues and coping strategies.
| Control Group |
Intervention Group |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α | Final sample (n = 68) |
Dropouts (n = 107) |
U | p | rrb [95% CI] | Final sample (n = 46) |
Dropouts (n = 126) |
U | p | rrb [95% CI] | |||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | ||||||||
| Age in years | 20.1 | (3.09) | 19.8 | (1.85) | 3523 | .72 | -.03 [-.21, .14] | 22.8 | (8.02) | 21.3 | (5.01) | 3023 | .66 | .04 [-.15, .23] | |
| Clinical issues | |||||||||||||||
| Anxiety | .74 | 9.49 | (4.14) | 10.1 | (4.42) | 3352 | .38 | -.08 [-.25, .10] | 10 | (3.88) | 12.3 | (4.03) | 1941 | <.001 | -.33 [-.49, −.15] |
| Depression | .71 | 11.5 | (4.23) | 11.4 | (4.43) | 3532 | .75 | -.03 [-.20, .15] | 10.7 | (4.79) | 10.3 | (3.85) | 3202 | .29 | .11 [-.09, .29] |
| Academic burnout | .86 | 2.83 | (1.09) | 3.21 | (1.13) | 2917 | .03 | -.20 [-.36, −.03] | 2.67 | (1.01) | 3.19 | (1.05) | 1977 | <.001 | -.32 [-.48, −.13] |
| Exhaustion | .87 | 3.3 | (1.51) | 3.81 | (1.50) | 2952 | .04 | -.19 [-.35, −.02] | 3.35 | (1.40) | 3.86 | (1.45) | 2282 | .03 | -.21 [-.39, −.02] |
| Academic efficacy | .80 | 2.86 | (1.22) | 3.08 | (1.35) | 3357 | .45 | -.07 [-.24, .11] | 2.56 | (1.22) | 3.11 | (1.36) | 2222 | .02 | -.23 [-.41, −.04] |
| Cynicism | .77 | 2.33 | (1.44) | 2.77 | (1.58) | 3045 | .09 | -.16 [-.32, .02] | 2.13 | (1.44) | 2.61 | (1.51) | 2319 | .05 | -.20 [-.38, −.01] |
| Learned helplessness | .87 | 25.6 | (8.28) | 28.7 | (10.30) | 3038 | .07 | -.17 [-.33, .01] | 26.7 | (8.35) | 30 | (9.52) | 2302 | .04 | -.21 [-.38, −.01] |
| Coping | |||||||||||||||
| Active Coping | .70 | 4.47 | (1.57) | 4.29 | (1.71) | 3897 | .42 | .07 [-.10, .24] | 4.67 | (1.66) | 4.5 | (1.63) | 3071 | .55 | .06 [-.14, .25] |
| Planning | .76 | 4.93 | (1.80) | 4.67 | (1.69) | 3948 | .34 | -.09 [-.09, .26] | 5.24 | (1.55) | 4.79 | (1.58) | 3457 | .05 | .19 [0, .37] |
| Using instrumental support | .81 | 4.04 | (1.63) | 4.35 | (1.65) | 3229 | .20 | -.11 [-.28, .06] | 4.89 | (1.73) | 4.71 | (1.80) | 3101 | .48 | .07 [-.13, .26] |
| Using emotional support | .81 | 4.16 | (1.68) | 4.5 | (1.91) | 3310 | .31 | -.09 [-.26, .09] | 5.17 | (1.76) | 5.18 | (1.89) | 2865 | .91 | -.01 [-.20, .18] |
| Venting | .72 | 4.16 | (1.67) | 4.42 | (1.57) | 3234 | .21 | -.11 [-.28, .06] | 5.02 | (1.77) | 4.6 | (1.77) | 3290 | .17 | .14 [-.06, .32] |
| Positive reframing | .78 | 4.56 | (1.90) | 4.79 | (1.78) | 3372 | .41 | -.07 [-.24, .10] | 4.89 | (1.51) | 4.52 | (1.60) | 3337 | .12 | .15 [-.04, .34] |
| Humor | .79 | 3.21 | (1.57) | 3.45 | (1.66) | 3321 | .31 | -.09 [-.26, .09] | 2.87 | (1.33) | 2.98 | (1.34) | 2726 | .51 | -.06 [-.25, .14] |
| Acceptance | .75 | 5.63 | (1.53) | 5.24 | (1.80) | 4020 | .24 | .11 [-.07, .27] | 4.96 | (1.63) | 4.98 | (1.47) | 2853 | .87 | -.02 [-.21, .18] |
| Religion | .86 | 2.5 | (1.11) | 2.67 | (1.40) | 3486 | .55 | -.04 [-.21, .13] | 3.28 | (1.72) | 3.47 | (1.98) | 2807 | .74 | -.03 [-.22, .16] |
| Behavioral disengagement | .80 | 3.49 | (1.52) | 3.78 | (1.93) | 3474 | .60 | -.05 [-.22, .13] | 3.17 | (1.54) | 3.84 | (1.68) | 2164 | .01 | -.25 [-.43, −.06] |
| Self-blame | .76 | 4.53 | (1.47) | 4.26 | (1.54) | 4035 | .22 | .11 [-.07,28] | 4.85 | (1.63) | 5.36 | (1.66) | 2398 | .08 | -.17 [-.35, .02] |
| Self-distraction | .28 | 5.09 | (1.72) | 5.13 | (1.41) | 3596 | .90 | -.01 [-.19, .16] | 5.3 | (1.46) | 5.18 | (1.49) | 2971 | .80 | .03 [-.17, .22] |
| Denial | .67 | 2.59 | (1.04) | 3.06 | (1.45) | 3054 | .05 | -.16 [-.33, .01] | 3.22 | (1.71) | 3.24 | (1.52) | 2778 | .66 | -.04 [-.23, .15] |
| Substance use | .97 | 2.25 | (0.74) | 2.69 | (1.51) | 3193 | .05 | -.12 [-.29, .05] | 2.59 | (1.34) | 3.09 | (1.78) | 2453 | .06 | -.15 [-.34, .04] |