APPENDIX TABLE 1.

The measurement items and their relevant values (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis).

Concepts	Item	Mean	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis
Teacher relatedness	I get along with the teachers in the course.	4.18	1.46	–0.284	–0.382
	The teachers in the course care about me.	4.25	1.67	–0.350	–0.814
	I am close to the teachers in the course.	3.51	1.68	0.204	–0.993
Teacher guidance	The teachers help me so that i understand what i should focus on in the actual course.	4.41	1.60	0.383	–0.742
	When i work with different requirements (e.g., written submission, internship assignment, or bachelor thesis), the teachers direct me in how to perform the different tasks.	4.27	1.58	–0.263	–0.760
	When technical problems emerge, the teachers help me solve them.	3.70	1.56	–0.005	–0.506
Peer relatedness	I get along with the students in the course.	5.65	1.29	–1.510	2.554
	The students in the course care about me.	5.46	1.36	–1.152	1.233
	I am close to the students in the course.	5.28	1.61	–1.102	0.368
Peer guidance	The students help me so that i understand what i should focus on in the actual course.	5.69	1.36	–1.496	2.277
	When i work with different requirements (e.g., written submission, internship assignment, or bachelor thesis), the students direct me in how to perform the different tasks.	5.53	1.32	–1.194	1.482
	When technical problems emerge, the students help me solve them.	5.72	1.20	–1.439	3.031
Emotional state	During the pandemic……
	I have felt more stressed than before.	4.77	1.70	–0.592	–0.577
	I have felt more anxious than before.	4.34	1.72	–0.292	–0.887
	I have felt lonelier than before.	4.47	1.89	–0.353	0.140
	I have felt sadder than before.	4.13	1.85	–0.157	1.173
Perceived competence	I feel confident in my ability to learn the material in this course.	4.50	1.43	–0.394	–0.566
	I am capable of learning the material in this course.	4.44	1.39	–0.362	–0.534
	I am able to achieve my goals in this course.	4.57	1.41	–0.580	–0.420