Table 1. Characteristics of patients admitted to hospital with Cocaine use.
*Adj for Age, sex, race, CCS, hospital bed size, teaching status, location and insurance.
¥Cocaine abuse, dependency, poisoning, unspecified use among admitted patients.
¤Calculated by dividing number of admissions with cocaine use with total number of admissions for that year.
AMA=Left against medical advice; SNF=Discharge to long term acute care facility/skilled nursing home/rehab transfer; LOS=length of stay
| Variable | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | p-Trend | Trend Direction |
| No of admissions with cocaine use (N=)¥ | 424,129 | 316,710 | 307,856 | 271,825 | 270,790 | 355,095 | 422,481 | - | - |
| Prevalence per million admissions¤ | 10,751 | 7,940 | 7,894 | 7,451 | 7,644 | 9,955 | 11,891 | 0.01 | Increasing |
| Total admissions (millions) | 39.45 | 39.89 | 39 | 36.48 | 35.36 | 35.67 | 35.53 | - | - |
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| 18-29 | 15.28% | 15.4% | 12.52% | 12.78% | 12.91% | 15.53% | 14.54% | 0.6 | No trend |
| 30-49 | 63.49% | 59.36% | 54.73% | 50.11% | 45.69% | 44.05% | 42.17% | <0.001 | Decreasing |
| 50-69 | 20.84% | 24.83% | 32.03% | 36.35% | 40.32% | 39.21% | 41.59% | <0.001 | Increasing |
| ≥70 | 0.36% | 0.38% | 0.7% | 0.75% | 1.06% | 1.2% | 1.68% | <0.001 | Increasing |
| Mean Age (SD) | |||||||||
| Female | 39.01(10.07) | 39.99(10.69) | 41.79(10.7) | 42.13(11.46) | 42.87(11.87) | 42.57(12.44) | 43.09(12.81) | <0.001 | Increasing |
| Male | 41.85(10.56) | 42.78(10.9) | 44.7(11.03) | 45.24(11.59) | 45.97(12.09) | 45.6(12.68) | 46.64(13.01) | <0.001 | Increasing |
| Sex (Female) | 36.45% | 36.85% | 35.48% | 35.46% | 35.69% | 35.21% | 35.09% | 0.011 | Decreasing |
| RACE | |||||||||
| Caucasian | 39.73% | 43% | 34.52% | 37.52% | 37.17% | 41.24% | 40.88% | <0.001 | Increasing |
| African American | 45.19% | 43.16% | 52.68% | 47.01% | 48.35% | 44.02% | 43.95% | <0.001 | Increasing |
| Hispanic | 11.52% | 10.71% | 9.22% | 10.96% | 10.19% | 10.73% | 11.05% | 0.04 | Increasing |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 0.32% | 0.47% | 0.39% | 0.43% | 0.52% | 0.56% | 0.59% | <0.001 | Increasing |
| Native American | 0.89% | 0.51% | 0.44% | 0.48% | 0.5% | 0.54v | 0.52% | 0.83 | No trend |
| Other | 2.32% | 2.11% | 2.71% | 3.57% | 3.24% | 2.88% | 2.97% | 0.004 | Increasing |
| Income in patients zip code | |||||||||
| 0-25th percentile | 48.37% | 47.43% | 52.28% | 51.79% | 52.08% | 50.85% | 48.5% | 0.15 | No trend |
| 26-50th percentile | 22.79% | 24.45% | 21.82% | 21.36% | 22.15% | 21.01% | 23.13% | 0.84 | No trend |
| 51-75th percentile | 17.27% | 16.59% | 16.44% | 16.08% | 15.05% | 16.69% | 16.72% | 0.96 | No trend |
| >76th percentile | 11.55% | 11.51% | 9.44% | 10.75% | 10.7% | 11.43% | 11.62% | 0.5 | No trend |
| Insurance | |||||||||
| Medicare | 18.05% | 19.21% | 19.7% | 21.89% | 21.71% | 20.87% | 21.7% | <0.001 | Increasing |
| Medicaid | 41.99% | 40.96% | 44.9% | 45.39% | 50.8% | 51.55% | 51.81% | <0.001 | Increasing |
| Private | 15.39% | 17.85% | 11.99% | 12.82% | 12.93% | 14.03% | 13.1% | 0.02 | Decreasing |
| Self-pay | 24.56% | 21.96% | 23.38% | 19.87% | 14.55% | 13.53% | 13.38% | <0.001 | Decreasing |
| Hospital Region | |||||||||
| Northeast | 28.33% | 27.53% | 32.45% | 30.59% | 28.79% | 27.64% | 27.38% | 0.8 | No trend |
| Midwest | 22.57% | 21.7% | 18.92% | 20.79% | 20.69% | 20.22% | 20.21% | 0.43 | No trend |
| South | 38.3% | 41.29% | 38.15% | 37.39% | 39.51% | 41.81% | 41.88% | 0.42 | No trend |
| West | 10.78% | 9.46% | 10.46% | 11.21% | 10.99% | 10.31% | 10.52% | 0.97 | No trend |
| Teaching status and location | |||||||||
| Rural | 6.12% | 5.75% | 4.59% | 4.19% | 3.61% | 4.48% | 4.3% | 0.06 | No trend |
| Urban non-teaching | 29.97% | 31.45% | 30.01% | 29.01% | 18.92% | 20.19% | 15.62% | <0.001 | Decreasing |
| Urban teaching | 63.9% | 62.79% | 65.39% | 66.78% | 77.45% | 75.31% | 80.01% | <0.001 | Increasing |
| Hospital bed size | |||||||||
| Small | 11.86% | 8.95% | 7.34% | 12.57% | 17.09% | 18.01% | 20.93% | <0.001 | Increasing |
| Medium | 26.37% | 22.62% | 23.3% | 29.48% | 28.29% | 29.8% | 29.51% | 0.07 | No trend |
| Large | 61.76% | 68.42% | 69.35% | 57.93% | 54.61% | 52.18% | 49.55% | <0.001 | Decreasing |
| Disposition | |||||||||
| Regular | 79.01% | 80.44% | 79.28% | 78.3% | 77.61% | 76.33% | 74.51% | <0.001 | Decreasing |
| NF | 10.34% | 9.14% | 9.8% | 10.32% | 10.54% | 10.87% | 11.28% | 0.002 | Increasing |
| Home health | 2.36% | 2.45% | 3.27% | 3.76% | 4.35% | 4.32% | 4.76% | <0.001 | Increasing |
| AMA | 8.26% | 7.96% | 7.6% | 7.6% | 7.48% | 8.46% | 9.42% | 0.03 | Increasing |
| *Mean total Charge ($) | 28,016 | 26,459 | 30,181 | 33,863 | 37,748 | 40,932 | 43,106 | <0.001 | Increasing |
| Financial burden ($) | 10.8 billion | 7.96 billion | 9.5 billion | 9.19 billion | 10.3 billion | 14.8 billion | 19 billion | <0.001 | Increasing |
| *Mean LOS (days) | 5.84 | 5.27 | 5.29 | 5.27 | 5.44 | 5.46 | 5.47 | 0.42 | No trend |