Table 3.
Associations of neighborhood walkability factors with IOM recommended gestational weight gain (GWG) levels
| Inadequate GWG vs Recommended | Excessive GWG vs recommended | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | p>|t| | 95% CI | OR | p>|t| | 95% CI | |||
|
| ||||||||
| Model 2 | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Poverty Rate1 | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (Low) | ref | ref | ||||||
| Quartile 2 | 0.99 | 0.79 | 0.93 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 0.02 | 1.01 | 1.14 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.03 | 0.51 | 0.95 | 1.10 | 1.14 | <0.01 | 1.06 | 1.22 |
| Quartile 4 (High) | 1.07 | 0.10 | 0.99 | 1.15 | 1.13 | <0.01 | 1.05 | 1.22 |
| Neighborhood Walkability Index2 | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (Low Score) | ref | ref | ||||||
| Quartile 2 | 1.05 | 0.14 | 0.98 | 1.13 | 0.95 | 0.12 | 0.90 | 1.01 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.01 | 0.70 | 0.95 | 1.09 | 0.92 | 0.01 | 0.86 | 0.98 |
| Quartile 4 (High Score) | 1.02 | 0.60 | 0.95 | 1.10 | 0.87 | <0.01 | 0.81 | 0.93 |
| Model 2 (adjusted for prepregnancy BMI) | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Poverty Rate1 | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (Low) | ref | ref | ||||||
| Quartile 2 | 1.00 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 1.07 | 1.03 | 0.32 | 0.97 | 1.10 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.04 | 0.32 | 0.96 | 1.12 | 1.07 | 0.06 | 1.00 | 1.14 |
| Quartile 4 (High) | 1.08 | 0.05 | 1.00 | 1.17 | 1.05 | 0.17 | 0.98 | 1.13 |
| Neighborhood Walkability Index2 | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (Low Score) | ref | ref | ||||||
| Quartile 2 | 1.05 | 0.15 | 0.98 | 1.13 | 0.94 | 0.06 | 0.88 | 1.00 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.01 | 0.77 | 0.94 | 1.08 | 0.92 | 0.01 | 0.86 | 0.98 |
| Quartile 4 (High Score) | 1.01 | 0.74 | 0.94 | 1.09 | 0.87 | <0.01 | 0.81 | 0.93 |
| Model 3 | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Poverty Rate1 | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (Low) | ref | ref | ||||||
| Quartile 2 | 0.99 | 0.72 | 0.92 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 0.02 | 1.01 | 1.14 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.01 | 0.70 | 0.94 | 1.09 | 1.14 | <0.01 | 1.07 | 1.22 |
| Quartile 4 (High) | 1.06 | 0.16 | 0.98 | 1.14 | 1.15 | <0.01 | 1.07 | 1.24 |
| Walkable Destinations3 | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (Low Density) | ref | ref | ||||||
| Quartile 2 | 1.04 | 0.32 | 0.96 | 1.14 | 0.93 | 0.04 | 0.86 | 1.00 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.06 | 0.16 | 0.98 | 1.16 | 0.88 | <0.01 | 0.81 | 0.95 |
| Quartile 4 (High Density) | 1.02 | 0.63 | 0.94 | 1.12 | 0.80 | <0.01 | 0.73 | 0.87 |
| Model 3 (adjusted for prepregnancy BMI) | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Poverty Rate1 | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (Low) | ref | ref | ||||||
| Quartile 2 | 0.99 | 0.81 | 0.93 | 1.06 | 1.03 | 0.34 | 0.97 | 1.10 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.03 | 0.47 | 0.95 | 1.11 | 1.07 | 0.04 | 1.00 | 1.15 |
| Quartile 4 (High) | 1.07 | 0.09 | 0.99 | 1.16 | 1.07 | 0.08 | 0.99 | 1.14 |
| Walkable Destinations3 | ||||||||
| Quartile 1 (Low Density) | ref | ref | ||||||
| Quartile 2 | 1.04 | 0.36 | 0.96 | 1.13 | 0.92 | 0.04 | 0.86 | 1.00 |
| Quartile 3 | 1.06 | 0.19 | 0.97 | 1.16 | 0.87 | <0.01 | 0.80 | 0.94 |
| Quartile 4 (High Density) | 1.01 | 0.83 | 0.92 | 1.11 | 0.81 | <0.01 | 0.75 | 0.88 |
Models adjusted for pregnant individual’s age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, foreign born status, WIC receipt status, parity, and gestational age.
1
Percent poverty quartile cut points (Q1: ≤0.097; Q2: >0.097; Q3: >.0.151; Q4: ≥0.230)
2
Neighborhood walkability index quartile cut points (Q1: ≤-1.632; Q2: >-1.632; Q3: >-0.279; Q4: ≥1.067)
3
Walkable destinations density quartile cut points (Q1: ≤86.874; Q2: > 86.874; Q3: >175.094; Q4: ≥ 343.820)