Table 6. Factors associated with subjective well-being including interaction effects.
| Variable (reference) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | SE | β | SE | β | SE | ||
| Sociodemographic variables | |||||||
| Sex (male) | Female | 0.1456 | 0.1748 | 0.0530 | 0.0558 | -0.0186 | 0.1839 |
| Age | 0.0075*** | 0.0015 | 0.0064*** | 0.0010 | 0.0067*** | 0.0015 | |
| Marital status (currently married) | Ever married | -0.2293*** | 0.0513 | -0.2194*** | 0.0288 | -0.2399*** | 0.0517 |
| Never married | -0.1817*** | 0.0498 | -0.2659*** | 0.0344 | -0.1917*** | 0.0501 | |
| Education (≤ primary) | Middle and high school | 0.0353 | 0.0457 | 0.1456*** | 0.0303 | 0.0404 | 0.0461 |
| College or more | 0.3485*** | 0.0563 | 0.4727*** | 0.0396 | 0.3614*** | 0.0569 | |
| Area of residence (Seoul metro) | Other metro | 0.1090** | 0.0477 | 0.0739** | 0.0317 | 0.1106** | 0.0479 |
| City | 0.1087** | 0.0460 | 0.0392 | 0.0301 | 0.1110** | 0.0462 | |
| Rural | 0.1766*** | 0.0534 | 0.1300*** | 0.0348 | 0.1802*** | 0.0535 | |
| Low income family (no) | Yes | -0.1110** | 0.0484 | -0.1993*** | 0.0321 | -0.1174** | 0.0485 |
| Income | 0.3368*** | 0.0314 | 0.2890*** | 0.0204 | 0.3438*** | 0.0315 | |
| Employment type (salaried-permanent) | Salaried-temporary | -0.3046*** | 0.0428 | -0.2606*** | 0.0288 | -0.3098*** | 0.0430 |
| Self-employed | -0.2154*** | 0.0412 | -0.1581*** | 0.0306 | -0.2187*** | 0.0413 | |
| Unemployed | -0.4382*** | 0.0445 | -0.3219*** | 0.0278 | -0.4526*** | 0.0447 | |
| Health and satisfaction variables | |||||||
| Disability (no) | Yes | -0.1458*** | 0.0349 | -0.1248** | 0.0502 | -0.1222** | 0.0505 |
| Chronic disease (no) | Yes | 0.0154 | 0.0224 | 0.0169 | 0.0305 | 0.0365 | 0.0319 |
| Subjective health (not healthy) | Healthy | 0.4780*** | 0.0212 | 0.4406*** | 0.0302 | 0.4257*** | 0.0314 |
| Satisfaction with family life (not satisfied) | Satisfied | 1.3666*** | 0.0218 | 1.3271*** | 0.0332 | 1.3154*** | 0.0336 |
| Interaction terms | |||||||
| Female × age | -0.0011 | 0.0020 | 0.0004 | 0.0021 | |||
| Female × marital: ever married | 0.0191 | 0.0623 | 0.0307 | 0.0628 | |||
| Female × marital: never married | -0.1227* | 0.0696 | -0.1020 | 0.0698 | |||
| Female × education: middle and high school | 0.1905*** | 0.0610 | 0.1804*** | 0.0614 | |||
| Female × education: college or more | 0.2290*** | 0.0789 | 0.2026** | 0.0795 | |||
| Female × residence: other metro | -0.0594 | 0.0639 | -0.0615 | 0.0639 | |||
| Female × residence: city | -0.1169* | 0.0608 | -0.1208** | 0.0608 | |||
| Female × residence: rural | -0.0784 | 0.0704 | -0.0862 | 0.0704 | |||
| Female × row income family | -0.1433** | 0.0645 | -0.1310** | 0.0646 | |||
| Female × income | -0.0800* | 0.0411 | -0.0924** | 0.0413 | |||
| Female × employment: salaried-temporary | 0.1041* | 0.0583 | 0.1111* | 0.0583 | |||
| Female × employment: self-employed | 0.1304** | 0.0620 | 0.1361** | 0.0621 | |||
| Female × employment: non-employed | 0.2053*** | 0.0580 | 0.2254*** | 0.0580 | |||
| Female × disability | -0.0456 | 0.0691 | -0.0480 | 0.0699 | |||
| Female × chronic disease | -0.0096 | 0.0406 | -0.0414 | 0.0447 | |||
| Female × healthy | 0.0694* | 0.0397 | 0.0905** | 0.0425 | |||
| Female × satisfied | 0.0694 | 0.0437 | 0.0850* | 0.0442 | |||
| Constant | 4.2639*** | 0.1303 | 4.3665*** | 0.0979 | 4.3614*** | 0.1348 | |
| QIC | 98,319.73 | 98,393.26 | 98,293.68 | ||||
Note:
* p<0.1
** p<0.05
*** p<0.01.
Income (USD 10,000) was log-transformed