Table 3. Summary of characteristics of the final included studies.

SANRA: A Scale for the Quality Assessment of Narrative Review Articles; HLA: human leukocyte antigens; FFP: fresh frozen plasma; PAS: platelet additive solutions; TRALI: transfusion-related acute lung injury; ALI: acute lung injury; IL: interleukin; SYCRLE: Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation; DHTR: delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions; SCD: sickle cell disease; Rh: Rhesus; PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis; TACO: transfusion-associated circulatory overload

Author	Year	Type of study	Quality appraisal tool	Conclusions
Kim and Na [8]	2015	Review article	SANRA Checklist	Four takeaways: (1) The decision to transfuse should take into account the patient’s clinical condition, co-morbidities, and individual wishes; (2) donors with a low chance of alloimmunization to leukocytes should receive high plasma volume components; (3) Use pooled solvent detergent-treated plasma as an alternative to FFP; and (4) before apheresis of platelets or plasma, test for anti-HLA antibodies in pregnant donors
Otrock et al. [10]	2017	Review article	SANRA Checklist	When used in conjunction with existing mitigation methods, new procedures such as HLA antibody screening, PAS, and washing can significantly lower TRALI risk. To avoid transfusions when not needed, physicians should pay close attention to the patient’s risk factors for ALI and use evidence-based transfusion protocols
Semple et al. [4]	2018	Review article	SANRA Checklist	IL-10 therapies, lowering C-reactive protein levels, targeting reactive oxygen species, and inhibiting IL-8 receptors are all viable therapeutic methods for the transfused recipient
Raja et al. [9]	2019	Review article	SANRA Checklist	TRALI can be diagnosed earlier if clinicians are aware of the disorder and have a high index of suspicion. Other risk factors for ALI, such as sepsis and aspiration, should be ruled out during the diagnostic process. TRALI is treated the same way as ALI, with symptomatic and supportive care
Tariket et al. [12]	2019	Animal atudy	SYRCLE’s Assessment Tool	To reduce the risk of TRALI, data show that improving the conditions in which platelet concentrates are manufactured and kept at lower sCD40L levels is critical. Preventative and curative therapies can be proposed with a better understanding of the first TRALI hit along with patient’s risk factors. Identification of patients at risk for TRALI will allow for proactive, customized therapy, resulting in better patient care
Guo and Ma [11]	2021	Review article	SANRA Checklist	Innate immune molecules, such as complement, are also significant, while IL-10 treatment is a viable therapeutic method to investigate further
Linder and Chou [14]	2021	Review article	SANRA Checklist	Because of the complications of iron overload, alloimmunization, and DHTR, transfusion should only be done for evidence-based or expert-defined purposes. High rates of alloimmunization continue despite a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of alloimmunization in SCD and improved Rh and K antigen matching. Future research is needed to see if preventive Rh genotype matching or extended antigen matching can cost-effectively minimize alloimmunization
Van den Akker et al. [15]	2021	Review article	SANRA Checklist	The understanding and awareness of TACO risk factors, possible TRALI primed situations, and ARDS risk factors are critical for clinicians and treating medical professionals. With a greater understanding that TACO or TRALI is more likely to occur in specific situations, early recognition and reporting can occur if it happens
Hu et al. [16]	2021	Review (systematic) article	PRISMA Checklist	The findings imply that host-related risk factors are more relevant than blood transfusion-related risk factors in the onset and progression of TRALI