Table 1.
EV Proteins and their functions in embryo implantation.
| Proteins | Functions | Origin | Kind of EVs |
|---|---|---|---|
| enJSRVs (35) | initiate synthesis and secretion of IFNT in conceptus trophectoderm cells | uterus (sheep) | exosomes |
| IFNT (35) | regulate expressions of conceptus attachment-related genes | embryo (sheep) | exosomes |
| CAPG (35) | enhance cellular motility and chemotaxis | embryo (sheep) | exosomes |
| AKRB1 (35) | regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis | embryo (sheep) | exosomes |
| INFT (12) | regulate expressions of conceptus attachment-related genes | UFs (cattle) | exosomes |
| CD40L (41) | induce the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in EECs | UFs (cattle) | exosomes mainly |
| EMMPRIN (17) | stimulate the MMP expression in HUFs | HES cells (human) | microvesicles |
| IL11 (37) | promote decidualization of ESFs | seminal plasma (human) | microvesicles |
| Fibronectin (42) | induce IL1β production of macrophages | trophoblast (human) | exosomes |
| Laminin and fibronectin (27) | promote trophoblast migration | embryonic stem cell (mouse) | microvesicles |
| Phosphatidylserine (43) | improve IL10 production of T cells | embryo (mouse) | (not memtioned) |