Table 1.
Study and patient characteristics
| Study ID | Year | Region | Study design | Consecutive | Number of Patients | Age (median/mean) | Chronic liver disease (%) | PVE before MRI exam | Main indications‡ | Extent of liver resection | PHLF Criteria | Cases of PHLF (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cho[20] | 2011 | Korea | R | Unclear | 29 | 57 | 48% (cirrhosis 21%) | NA | HCC (48%) | Major§ | ISGLS | 7 (24%) |
| Wibmer[21] | 2013 | Austria | R | Unclear | 73 | 64.4 | NA | NA | CRLM (71%) | Major | “50–50”; ISGLS |
3 (4%); 29 (40%) |
| Sato[22] | 2015 | Japan | R | Unclear | 11† | 59.5 | NA | Yes | Liver metastases (52%) | Major | ISGLS | 7 (waived) |
| Jin[23] | 2016 | Korea | R | Unclear | 121 | 56 | 92% (cirrhosis 61%) | NA | HCC (100%) | Minor§ + major | “50–50”; ISGLS |
7 (5.8%); 38 (31%) |
| Costa[24] | 2017 | Canada | R | Yes | 65 | 60.8 | NA | NA | CRLM (71%) | Major | ISGLS | 9 (14%) |
| Asenbaum[25] | 2018 | Austria | R | Unclear | 62 | 59.8 | NA | NA | CRLM (53%) | Major | ISGLS | 16 (26%) |
| Chuang[26] | 2018 | Taiwan | R | Yes | 115 | 60 | 100% | No | HCC (78%) | Minor + major | ISGLS | 16 (14%) |
| Kim[27] | 2018 | Korea | R | Yes | 73 | 59.7 |
100% (cirrhosis 47%) |
NA | HCC (100%) | Minor + major | ISGLS | 18 (25%) |
| Theilig[28] | 2019 | Germany | P | Yes | 36 | 62 | NA | Yes | CRLM (31%);HC (31%) | Major | ISGLS | 14 (39%) |
| Araki[29] | 2020 | Japan | R | Unclear | 129 (SCoh) + 26 (VCoh) | 67 (SCoh) | NA | Yes | Liver metastases (43%) | Minor + major | ISGLS | 9 (6%)# |
| Donadon[30] | 2020 | Italy | R | Yes | 137 | 65 | 18% | Yes | CRLM (77%) | Minor + major | ISGLS | 22 (16%) |
| Orimo[31] | 2020 | Japan | R | Unclear | 140 (SCoh) + 52 (VCoh) | 65 (SCoh); 72 (VCoh) | NA | NA | HCC (69%) | Major (≥ 2 sections) | ISGLS | 49 (26%) |
| Zhu[32] | 2020 | China | R | Unclear | 101 | 55 (men), 53 (women) | 100% (cirrhosis 23%) | NA | HCC (100%) | Major | Defined by encephalopathy etc ¶ | 15 (15%) |
| Tsujita[33] | 2020 | Japan | R | Unclear | 41 | 66 | 66% | NA | HCC (100%) | Major + minor | ISGLS | 16 (39%) |
| Wang[34] | 2020 | China | R | Unclear | 116 | 49.0 | 86% (cirrhosis 62%) | No | HCC (100%) | Major + minor | ISGLS | 28 (22%) |
† the number of patients for a second analysis; ‡ the most frequent indication with its percentage is listed while the exclusive indication is marked as 100%; § “major liver resection” refers to three or more Couinaud segments, while “minor liver resection” to less than three Couinaud segments; ¶ posthepatectomy liver failure is defined as encephalopathy, with hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin > 4.1 mg/dL), international normalized ratio > 2.5, and ascites with drainage volume > 500 mL/d; # refers to the incidence of PHLF grade B, C, in which clinical management after operation is altered while it remains the same in grade A of PHLF; CRLM, colorectal liver metastases; HC, hilar cholangiocarcinoma; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; ISGLS, the International Study Group of Liver Surgery criteria; NA, not available; P, prospective study; PHLF, posthepatectomy liver failure; PVE, portal vein embolization; R, retrospective study; SCoh, study cohort; VCoh, validation cohort