Figure 2.

P311 enhances the capability of MSCs-mediated improvement of inflammatory microenvironment in skin wound tissues. The immunological microenvironment of wound tissue was evaluated at day 3 post-injury by detecting the infiltration of inflammatory cells, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine in normal mice and mice with MSCs, MSCs^Ctrl, MSCs^P311 administration (n=3/group). The inflammatory cell infiltration in granulation tissues was examined by H&E staining. (A, B) Representative H&E images of granulation tissues were shown (left panel), and inflammatory cells per visual field were counted and statistically analysed (right panel). Scale bar: 50 µm. (C–F) Representative immunohistochemical images of IFN-γ and TNF-α in granulation tissues were shown (left panel), and the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α was statistically analysed (right panel). Scale bar: 50 µm. (G, H) Representative immunohistochemical images of IL-10 in granulation tissues were shown (black arrows) (left panel), and the expression of IL-10 was statistically analysed (right panel). Scale bar: 50 µm. Supernatants of wound tissue extract at day 3 post-injury were applied for identifying the content of IFN-γ (I) and TNF-α (J) in mice with MSCs, MSCs^Ctrl, MSCs^P311 treatment by means of ELISA. (K) Supernatants of wound tissue extracted at day 3 post-injury were applied for identifying the contents of IL-10 in mice with MSCs, MSCs^Ctrl, MSCs^P311 treatment by means of ELISA. Scale bar: 50 µm. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments and represent mean ± SD of indicated number of mice per group. (ns, no statistical significance; *P < 0.05, **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).